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The q-value can be interpreted as the false discovery rate (FDR): the proportion of false positives among all positive results. Given a set of test statistics and their associated q-values, rejecting the null hypothesis for all tests whose q-value is less than or equal to some threshold ensures that the expected value of the false discovery rate is .
Q factor (bicycles), the width between where a bicycle's pedals attach to the cranks; q-value (statistics), the minimum false discovery rate at which the test may be called significant; Q value (nuclear science), a difference of energies of parent and daughter nuclides; Q Score, in marketing, a way to measure the familiarity of an item
The Q-statistic or q-statistic is a test statistic: The Box-Pierce test outputs a Q-statistic (uppercase) which follows the chi-squared distribution The Ljung-Box test is a modified version of the Box-Pierce test which provides better small sample properties
In statistics, the Q-function is the tail distribution function of the standard normal distribution. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In other words, Q ( x ) {\displaystyle Q(x)} is the probability that a normal (Gaussian) random variable will obtain a value larger than x {\displaystyle x} standard deviations.
The value of the studentized range, most often represented by the variable q, can be defined based on a random sample x 1, ..., x n from the N(0, 1) distribution of numbers, and another random variable s that is independent of all the x i, and νs 2 has a χ 2 distribution with ν degrees of freedom.
Cochran's Q test should not be confused with Cochran's C test, which is a variance outlier test. Put in simple technical terms, Cochran's Q test requires that there only be a binary response (e.g. success/failure or 1/0) and that there be more than 2 groups of the same size.
The q-Gaussian is a probability distribution arising from the maximization of the Tsallis entropy under appropriate constraints. It is one example of a Tsallis distribution . The q -Gaussian is a generalization of the Gaussian in the same way that Tsallis entropy is a generalization of standard Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy or Shannon entropy . [ 1 ]
In mathematical physics and probability and statistics, the Gaussian q-distribution is a family of probability distributions that includes, as limiting cases, the uniform distribution and the normal (Gaussian) distribution. It was introduced by Diaz and Teruel.