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The Kingdom of Kozhikode (Malayalam: കോഴിക്കോട് [koːɻikːoːɖ] ⓘ), also known as Calicut, was the kingdom of the Zamorin of Calicut, in the present-day Indian state of Kerala. Present-day Kozhikode is the second largest city in Kerala, as well as the headquarters of Kozhikode district.
The Samoothiri (Anglicised as Zamorin; Malayalam: Sāmūtiri, [saːmuːd̪iɾi], Arabic: Sāmuri, [1] Portuguese: Samorim, Dutch: Samorijn, Chinese: Shamitihsi [2]) was the title of the erstwhile ruler and monarch of the Calicut kingdom in the South Malabar region of India. [3]
Kozhikode is classified as a Tier 2 city by the Government of India. [12] It is the largest city in the region known as the Malabar Coast and was the capital of the British-era Malabar district. It was the capital of an independent kingdom ruled by the Samoothiris (Zamorins). [1]
The British crown gained control over Northern Kerala (including the Kingdom of Kingdom of Kolathunadu and the Kingdom of Calicut) and through the creation of the Malabar District. The British also allied with the Kingdom of Travancore and the Kingdom of Cochin in the southern part of the state, until India won its independence in 1947.
[33] [34] [35] Kozhikode was the largest city in the Indian state of Kerala under the rule of Zamorin of Calicut, an independent kingdom based at Kozhikode. It remained so until the 18th century CE. The port at Kozhikode was the gateway to South Indian coast for the Arabs, the Portuguese, the Dutch, and finally the British. [36]
The Cheras regained control over Kerala in the 9th century until the kingdom was dissolved in the 12th century, after which small autonomous chiefdoms, most notably the Kingdom of Kozhikode, arose. The ports of Kozhikode and Kochi acted as major gateways to the western coast of medieval South India for several foreign entities.
It was the capital of an independent kingdom ruled by the Samoothiris (Zamorins), which was also the largest kingdom in Kerala prior to the expansion of Travancore in the mid-18th century CE. [9] The port at Kozhikode acted as the gateway to medieval South Indian coast for the Chinese, the Arabs, the Portuguese, the Dutch and finally the ...
Since Kodungallur was sandwiched between the kingdom of Kozhikode and the kingdom of Kochi, it was a matter of frequent dispute for both the kings. The chieftain of Kodungallur often switched allegiance from one king to another. [25] The Portuguese spice trade was challenged by the kings of Kozhikode in the Indian Ocean.