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Glutathione reductase (GR) also known as glutathione-disulfide reductase (GSR) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GSR gene.Glutathione reductase (EC 1.8.1.7) catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide to the sulfhydryl form glutathione (), which is a critical molecule in resisting oxidative stress and maintaining the reducing environment of the cell.
In contrast to thioredoxins, which are reduced by thioredoxin reductase, no oxidoreductase exists that specifically reduces glutaredoxins. Instead, glutaredoxins are reduced by the oxidation of glutathione. Reduced glutathione is then regenerated by glutathione reductase. Together these components compose the glutathione system. [6]
In enzymology, a CoA-glutathione reductase (EC 1.8.1.10) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. CoA + glutathione + NADP + CoA-glutathione + NADPH + H +. The 3 substrates of this enzyme are CoA, glutathione, and NADP +, whereas its 3 products are CoA-glutathione, NADPH, and H +.
In enzymology, a protein-disulfide reductase (glutathione) (EC 1.8.4.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 2 glutathione + protein-disulfide ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } glutathione disulfide + protein-dithiol
Adenylyl-sulfate reductase, an enzyme of the sulfur assimilation pathway, uses glutathione as an electron donor. Other enzymes using glutathione as a substrate are glutaredoxins . These small oxidoreductases are involved in flower development, salicylic acid , and plant defence signalling.
Glutathione disulfide (GSSG) is a disulfide derived from two glutathione molecules. [1] In living cells, glutathione disulfide is reduced into two molecules of glutathione with reducing equivalents from the coenzyme NADPH. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme glutathione reductase. [2]
Plus, glutathione side effects and dosages. Here, find the health benefits of glutathione, an antioxidant that helps make proteins in the body. Plus, glutathione side effects and dosages.
It reduces glutathione via glutathione reductase, which converts reactive H 2 O 2 into H 2 O by glutathione peroxidase. If absent, the H 2 O 2 would be converted to hydroxyl free radicals by Fenton chemistry, which can attack the cell. Erythrocytes, for example, generate a large amount of NADPH through the pentose phosphate pathway to use in ...
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