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Glutathione reductase (GR) also known as glutathione-disulfide reductase (GSR) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GSR gene.Glutathione reductase (EC 1.8.1.7) catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide to the sulfhydryl form glutathione (), which is a critical molecule in resisting oxidative stress and maintaining the reducing environment of the cell.
In enzymology, a CoA-glutathione reductase (EC 1.8.1.10) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. CoA + glutathione + NADP + CoA-glutathione + NADPH + H +. The 3 substrates of this enzyme are CoA, glutathione, and NADP +, whereas its 3 products are CoA-glutathione, NADPH, and H +.
Glutathione peroxidase 4, also known as GPX4, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GPX4 gene. [5] GPX4 is a phospholipid hydroperoxidase that protects cells against membrane lipid peroxidation .
In contrast to thioredoxins, which are reduced by thioredoxin reductase, no oxidoreductase exists that specifically reduces glutaredoxins. Instead, glutaredoxins are reduced by the oxidation of glutathione. Reduced glutathione is then regenerated by glutathione reductase. Together these components compose the glutathione system. [6]
In enzymology, a protein-disulfide reductase (glutathione) (EC 1.8.4.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 2 glutathione + protein-disulfide ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } glutathione disulfide + protein-dithiol
The systematic name of this enzyme class is glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include dehydroascorbic reductase , dehydroascorbic acid reductase , glutathione dehydroascorbate reductase , DHA reductase , dehydroascorbate reductase , GDOR , and glutathione:dehydroascorbic acid oxidoreductase .
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