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The Estonian War of Independence, [c] also known as the Estonian Liberation War, was a defensive campaign of the Estonian Army and its allies, most notably the United Kingdom, against the Soviet Russian westward offensive of 1918–1919 and the 1919 aggression of the pro–German Baltische Landeswehr.
The Baltic Landwehr or Baltische Landeswehr ("Baltic Territorial Army") was the name of the unified armed forces of Couronian and Livonian nobility from 7 December 1918 to 3 July 1919. [ 1 ] Command structure
Most of today's Poland, Belarus, Ukraine and the Baltic states were granted to the government of Germany, which in turn decided to grant these states limited independence as buffer states. However, the German defeat on the Western Front and the internal dissolution of Austria-Hungary made the plans for the creation of Mitteleuropa obsolete.
France United Kingdom Ober Ost Finnish, Danish, and Swedish volunteers [4] Russian SFSR Latvian SSR Soviet Estonia Lithuanian-Byelorussian SSR Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee Ukrainian SSR Finnish Red Guards [5] Soviet defeat in the Baltic states. Start of the Polish-Soviet War; 1918–1920 Latvian War of Independence: Republic of Latvia
Associated people and organisations Royal Navy; Associated places Tallinn, Estonia; Associated events North Russia Intervention 1918-1920, Russia 1918-1920, First World War, Russian Civil War 1917-1921, Estonian War of Independence 1918-1920, Russian Civil War 1917-1921
In 1939, the British and French tried to arrange a "guarantee" of the Baltic states to the Soviet Union. The Baltic states would have preferred to remain neutral, but the only security systems on offer were German or Soviet. [27] In June 1939, Estonia and Latvia yielded to German pressure and signed non-aggression pacts. [28]
23 March — Hans Gottfried von Häbler, World War I German flying ace (born 1893) 25 March – Claude Debussy, composer (born 1862) 25 August – Henri Chantavoine, writer (born 1850) 5 October – Roland Garros, aviator and World War I fighter pilot (born 1888) 12 October – Émile Étienne Guimet, industrialist, traveller and connoisseur ...
' Operation Fist Punch '), also known as the Eleven Days' War, [2] [3] was a Central Powers offensive in World War I. It was the last major offensive on the Eastern Front . Russian forces were unable to put up any serious resistance due to the turmoil of the Russian Revolution and subsequent Russian Civil War .