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After the First World War (1914–1918) the term "Baltic states" came to refer to the countries by the Baltic Sea that had gained independence from the former Russian Empire. The term included Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, as well as Finland (which later became grouped among the Nordic countries instead).
The Latvian War of Independence (Latvian: Latvijas Neatkarības karš), sometimes called Latvia's freedom battles (Latvijas brīvības cīņas) or the Latvian War of Liberation (Latvijas atbrīvošanas karš), was a series of military conflicts in Latvia between 5 December 1918, after the newly proclaimed Republic of Latvia was invaded by Soviet Russia, and the signing of the Latvian-Soviet ...
France United Kingdom Ober Ost Finnish, Danish, and Swedish volunteers [4] Russian SFSR Latvian SSR Soviet Estonia Lithuanian-Byelorussian SSR Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee Ukrainian SSR Finnish Red Guards [5] Soviet defeat in the Baltic states. Start of the Polish-Soviet War; 1918–1920 Latvian War of Independence: Republic of Latvia
The Estonian War of Independence, [c] also known as the Estonian Liberation War, was a defensive campaign of the Estonian Army and its allies, most notably the United Kingdom, against the Soviet Russian westward offensive of 1918–1919 and the 1919 aggression of the pro–German Baltische Landeswehr.
' Operation Fist Punch '), also known as the Eleven Days' War, [2] [3] was a Central Powers offensive in World War I. It was the last major offensive on the Eastern Front . Russian forces were unable to put up any serious resistance due to the turmoil of the Russian Revolution and subsequent Russian Civil War .
The British campaign in the Baltic began on 26 November 1918, just 15 days after the end of the First World War, when a squadron under Rear Admiral Edwyn Alexander-Sinclair departed Britain. Alexander-Sinclair's force was meant as a show of strength against the Bolsheviks and in support of Estonian and Latvian independence, which was threatened ...
The United Baltic Duchy [1] (German: Vereinigtes Baltisches Herzogtum; Latvian: Apvienotā Baltijas hercogiste; Estonian: Balti Hertsogiriik), or alternatively the Grand Duchy of Livonia, [2] was the name of a short-lived state during World War I that was proclaimed by leaders of the local Baltic German nobility.
The Baltic states proclaimed independence after the signing of the Armistice, and Bolshevik Russia invaded at the end of 1918. [170] Izvestia wrote in its 25 December 1918, issue: "Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania are directly on the road from Russia to Western Europe and therefore a hindrance to our revolutions... This separating wall has to be ...