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Arctic shipping routes are the maritime paths used by vessels to navigate through parts or the entirety of the Arctic. There are three main routes that connect the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans: the Northeast Passage , the Northwest Passage , and the mostly unused Transpolar Sea Route . [ 2 ]
The TSR is about 3,900 kilometres (2,100 nmi) long and offers significant distance savings between Europe and Asia. It is the shortest of the Arctic shipping routes. In contrast to the Northern Sea Route and the Northwest Passage, which are both coastal routes, the TSR is a mid-ocean route and passes close to the North Pole. [4]
A sea lane, sea road or shipping lane is a regularly used navigable route for large water vessels on wide waterways such as oceans and large lakes, and is preferably safe, direct and economic. During the Age of Sail , they were determined by the distribution of land masses but also by the prevailing winds , whose discovery was crucial for the ...
The global shipping network is the worldwide network of maritime traffic. From a network science perspective ports represent nodes and routes represent lines . Transportation networks have a crucial role in today's economy, more precisely, maritime traffic is one of the most important drivers of global trade.
The environmental impact of shipping includes greenhouse gas emissions, acoustic, and oil pollution. [11] The International Maritime Organization (IMO) estimates that Carbon dioxide emissions from shipping were equal to 2.2% of the global human-made emissions in 2012 [12] and expects them to rise 50 to 250 percent by 2050 if no action is taken ...
Global freight volumes according to mode of transport in trillions of tonne-kilometres in 2010. In 2015, 108 trillion tonne-kilometers were transported worldwide (anticipated to grow by 3.4% per year until 2050 (128 Trillion in 2020)): 70% by sea, 18% by road, 9% by rail, 2% by inland waterways and less than 0.25% by air.
Map of the Arctic region showing the Northern Sea Route, in the context of the Northeast Passage, and Northwest Passage [1]. The Northern Sea Route (NSR) (Russian: Се́верный морско́й путь, romanized: Severnyy morskoy put, shortened to Севморпуть, Sevmorput) is a shipping route about 5,600 kilometres (3,500 mi) long.
[11] [12] If, as the head of a Canadian mining company claims, parts of the eastern end of the Passage are barely 15 metres (49 ft) deep, [13] the route's viability as a Euro-Asian shipping route is reduced. In 2016, Chinese shipping line COSCO expressed a desire to make regular voyages of cargo ships using the passage to the eastern United ...