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A tire-pressure monitoring system (TPMS) monitors the air pressure inside the pneumatic tires on vehicles. [1] A TPMS reports real-time tire-pressure information to the driver, using either a gauge, a pictogram display, or a simple low-pressure warning light. TPMS can be divided into two different types – direct (dTPMS) and indirect (iTPMS).
Cold inflation pressure is the inflation pressure of tires as measured before a car is driven and the tires warmed up. Recommended cold inflation pressure is displayed in the owner's manual and on the Tire Information Placard attached to the vehicle door edge , pillar , glovebox door or fuel filler flap .
The pressure inside the tire is measured using a pressure transducer with the pressure information being subsequently sent to the vehicle to warn the driver of under or over inflation of a tire. The pressure information is commonly transmitted to the vehicle using radio frequency (RF) technology, though systems using mechanical, electrical or ...
Reducing tire pressure also reduces the extent to which the tires grind against loose surfaces, significantly reducing dust and silt. Another function of CTIS is to maintain tire pressure if there is a slow leak or puncture. In this case, the system controls inflation automatically based on the selected pressure the driver has set. [1]
A tire-pressure gauge, or tyre-pressure gauge, is a pressure gauge used to measure the pressure of tires on a vehicle. Proper tire pressure is crucial for vehicle safety, fuel efficiency, and tire longevity. Tire gauges come in various types, including analog, digital, and dial gauges, each offering different features and accuracy levels.
A typical ETC system consists of three major components: (i) an accelerator pedal module (ideally with two or more independent sensors), (ii) a throttle valve that can be opened and closed by an electric motor (sometimes referred to as an electric or electronic throttle body (ETB)), and (iii) a powertrain or engine control module (PCM or ECM). [4]
XL: extra load; a tire that allows a higher inflation pressure than a standard load tire, which increases the tire's maximum load ZP : zero-pressure; Michelin's branding for their run-flat models. To facilitate proper balancing, most tire manufacturers also mark red circles (uniformity) and/or yellow dots (weight) on the sidewalls of their ...
A throttle position sensor (TPS) is a sensor used to monitor the throttle body valve position for the ECU of an engine. The sensor is usually located on the butterfly spindle/shaft, so that it can directly monitor the position of the throttle. More advanced forms of the sensor are also used.