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Tsetse flies are regarded as a major cause of rural poverty in sub-Saharan Africa [10] because they prevent mixed farming. The land infested with tsetse flies is often cultivated by people using hoes rather than more efficient draught animals because nagana, the disease transmitted by tsetse, weakens and often kills these animals. Cattle that ...
Glossina fuscipes is a riverine fly species in the genus Glossina, which are commonly known as tsetse flies. [1] Typically found in sub-Saharan Africa [2] but with a small Arabian range, [3] G. fuscipes is a regional vector of African trypanosomiasis, commonly known as sleeping sickness, that causes significant rates of morbidity and mortality among humans and livestock. [4]
Glossina tachinoides is one of the 23 recognized species of tsetse flies (genus Glossina), and it belongs to the riverine/palpalis group (subgenus Nemorhina). Glossina tachinoides can transmit African trypanosomiasis, including both the form affecting livestock and the one affecting humans.
G. morsitans is found in East Africa and Equatorial Africa. [1] [9]It is the tsetse species that is presently reported from the highest number of African countries, [10] i.e. at least 22 including: Angola, Burkina Faso, [11] Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, [12] Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Malawi, Mali, [13] Mozambique, Nigeria, [14] Rwanda ...
The flies in this superfamily are blood-feeding obligate parasites of their hosts. Four families are often placed here: Glossinidae - Tsetse flies; Hippoboscidae - Ked flies; Nycteribiidae - Bat flies; Streblidae - Bat flies (Note that the Mystacinobiidae, while also a bat fly, belongs to the superfamily Oestroidea).
Glossina pallicera was known to be present in twelve countries in western Africa and central Africa; Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria and Sierra Leone in western Africa and Angola, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Gabon in central Africa.
The epimastigotes reach the fly's salivary glands and continue multiplication by binary fission. [23] The entire life cycle of the fly takes about three weeks. In addition to the bite of the tsetse fly, the disease can be transmitted by: Mother-to-child infection: the trypanosome can sometimes cross the placenta and infect the fetus. [24]
Larger flies such as tsetse flies and screwworms cause significant economic harm to cattle. Blowfly larvae, known as gentles , and other dipteran larvae, known more generally as maggots , are used as fishing bait , as food for carnivorous animals, and in medicine in debridement , to clean wounds .