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Pope Pius III (Italian: Pio III, Latin: Pius Tertius; 9 May 1439 – 18 October 1503), [1] born Francesco Todeschini, then Francesco Todeschini-Piccolomini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 22 September 1503 to his death. At just twenty-six days, he had one of the shortest pontificates in papal history.
The September 1503 papal conclave elected Pope Pius III to succeed Pope Alexander VI.Due to the Italian Wars, the College of Cardinals was surrounded by three potentially hostile armies, loyal to Louis XII of France, Ferdinand II of Aragon, and Cesare Borgia (the cardinal-nephew and illegitimate son of Alexander VI).
The October 1503 papal conclave elected Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere as Pope Julius II to succeed Pope Pius III.The conclave took place during the Italian Wars barely a month after the papal conclave, September 1503, and none of the electors had travelled far enough from Rome to miss the conclave. [1]
The cardinal Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini, who became Pope Pius III, intended to construct a monumental altar to dedicate artworks to his uncle Pope Pius II, to celebrate the political and cultural power of his family, the Piccolomini, in Siena, and to establish a site for his own tomb.
The plot centers on the conclave of 1458, which took place five years after the fall of Constantinople to the Turks.The story material was sourced from a diary written by Silvius Aeneas Piccolomini, the only cardinal to ever record the secret proceedings of a papal conclave, and who was himself elected Pope Pius II in that Conclave.
Elections that elected papal claimants currently regarded by the Catholic Church as antipopes are italicized. SS. Pietro e Cesareo in Terracina, the site of the first papal election outside Rome The 1119 papal election took place in Cluny Abbey as a result of the expulsion of Pope Gelasius II from Rome by Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor following the Investiture Controversy.
Establishing cardinal-bishops as the sole electors of the pope. [2] 1079 Libertas ecclesiae ("The liberty of the Church") Gregory VII: About Church's independence from imperial authority and interference. 1079 Antiqua sanctorum patrum ("The old (traces of the) holy fathers") Granted the church of Lyon primacy over the churches of Gaul. 1095 ...
Of the 23 cardinals participating in the conclave, fourteen had been elevated by Pope Sixtus IV. [2] The cardinals of Sixtus IV, known as the "Sistine Cardinals" and led by Giuliano della Rovere, had controlled the conclave of 1484, electing one of their own, Giambattista Cibo as Pope Innocent VIII. [3]