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Sewers under the city in 2005. The sewers of Paris date back to the year 1370 when the first underground system was constructed under Rue Montmartre.Consecutive French governments enlarged the system to cover the city's population, including expansions under Louis XIV and Napoleon III, and modernisation programs in the 1990s under Mayor Jacques Chirac.
Before modern sewers were invented, cesspools that collected human waste were the most widely used sanitation system. In ancient Mesopotamia, vertical shafts carried waste away into cesspools. Similar systems existed in the Indus Valley civilization in modern-day Pakistan and in Ancient Crete and Greece.
The first occurrence of organised solid waste management system appeared in London in the late 18th century. [13] A waste collection and resource recovery system was established around the 'dust-yards'. Main constituent of municipal waste was the coal ash (‘dust’) which had a market value for brick-making and as a soil improver.
Globally, an estimated 15 million people pick and sort urban waste. Building self-sustaining, modern waste systems globally won’t be cheap. But it will drive the creation of new and better jobs ...
Waste collection methods vary widely among different countries and regions. Domestic waste collection services are often provided by local government authorities, or by private companies for industrial and commercial waste. Some areas, especially those in less developed countries, do not have formal waste-collection systems.
In addition, because of the vast reduction in solid waste, a pumping system, rather than a gravity system, can be used to move the wastewater. The pipes have small diameters, typically 1.5 to 4 inches (4 to 10 cm). Because the waste stream is pressurized, they can be laid just below the ground surface along the land's contour. [citation needed]
An automated vacuum waste collection system, also known as pneumatic refuse collection, or automated vacuum collection (AVAC), transports waste at high speeds through underground pneumatic tubes to a collection station where the waste is compacted and sealed in containers. Full containers are transported away to be emptied.
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