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Pulmonary artery stenosis (PAS) is a narrowing of the pulmonary artery.The pulmonary artery is a blood vessel moving blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs. . This narrowing can be due to many causes, including infection during pregnancy, a congenital heart defect, a problem with blood clotting in childhood or early adulthood, or a genetic ch
The pathophysiology of pulmonary heart disease (cor pulmonale) has always indicated that an increase in right ventricular afterload causes RV failure (pulmonary vasoconstriction, anatomic disruption/pulmonary vascular bed and increased blood viscosity are usually involved [1]), however most of the time, the right ventricle adjusts to an overload in chronic pressure.
Pulmonic stenosis is usually due to isolated valvular obstruction (pulmonary valve stenosis), but it may be due to subvalvular or supravalvular obstruction, such as infundibular stenosis. It may occur in association with other congenital heart defects as part of more complicated syndromes (for example, tetralogy of Fallot). [citation needed]
More than 50% of patients with aortic valve stenosis have a congenital heart abnormality called a bicuspid aortic valve. The aortic valve is normally three leaflets but when it is bicuspid it is made of two. [6] This increases the risk for aortic stenosis due to increased stress on the leaflets, calcium deposition, turbulent blood flow, and ...
Pulmonary valve stenosis (PVS) is a heart valve disorder. Blood going from the heart to the lungs goes through the pulmonary valve, whose purpose is to prevent blood from flowing back to the heart. In pulmonary valve stenosis this opening is too narrow, leading to a reduction of flow of blood to the lungs. [1] [5]
Patients with mitral valve prolapse may have a mid-systolic click along with a murmur, referred to as apical late systolic murmur. [3] Early systolic clicks may also be present in some patients. [4] Aortic and pulmonary stenosis may cause an ejection click [5] immediately after S 1.
Pulmonary stenosis, atrial septal defect: Venous hum: Infraclavicular throughout the cardiac cycle (right side > left side), diminishes with jugular vein palpation or neck turning PDA: Supraclavicular arterial bruit (Systemic Flow Murmur) Above clavicles: aortic stenosis, bicuspid aortic valve: Peripheral pulmonary stenosis (Pulmonary flow murmur)
Pulmonary (or pulmonic [4]) regurgitation (or insufficiency, incompetence) is a condition in which the pulmonary valve is incompetent [5] and allows backflow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle of the heart during diastole. [6] While a small amount of backflow may occur ordinarily, it is usually only shown on an echocardiogram and ...