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The simulation was carried out on a mesh of 200 cells using Matlab code (Wesseling, 2001), adapted to use the KT algorithm with Parabolic Extrapolation and van Albada limiter. The alternative form of van Albada limiter, ϕ v a ( r ) = 2 r 1 + r 2 {\displaystyle \phi _{va}(r)={\frac {2r}{1+r^{2}}}\ } , was used to avoid spurious oscillations.
In mathematics, every analytic function can be used for defining a matrix function that maps square matrices with complex entries to square matrices of the same size. This is used for defining the exponential of a matrix , which is involved in the closed-form solution of systems of linear differential equations .
The value of the stream function is constant along every streamline (streamlines represent the trajectories of particles in steady flow). That is, in two dimensions each streamline is a level curve of the stream function.
A scalar is an element of a field which is used to define a vector space.In linear algebra, real numbers or generally elements of a field are called scalars and relate to vectors in an associated vector space through the operation of scalar multiplication (defined in the vector space), in which a vector can be multiplied by a scalar in the defined way to produce another vector.
In Cartesian coordinates, the divergence of a continuously differentiable vector field = + + is the scalar-valued function: = = (, , ) (, , ) = + +.. As the name implies, the divergence is a (local) measure of the degree to which vectors in the field diverge.
The result, div F, is a scalar function of x. Since this definition is coordinate-free, it shows that the divergence is the same in any coordinate system . However the above definition is not often used practically to calculate divergence; when the vector field is given in a coordinate system the coordinate definitions below are much simpler to ...
Head and cerebral structures (hidden) extracted from 150 MRI slices using marching cubes (about 150,000 triangles). Marching cubes is a computer graphics algorithm, published in the 1987 SIGGRAPH proceedings by Lorensen and Cline, [1] for extracting a polygonal mesh of an isosurface from a three-dimensional discrete scalar field (the elements of which are sometimes called voxels).
In linear algebra, a column vector with elements is an matrix [1] consisting of a single column of entries, for example, = [].. Similarly, a row vector is a matrix for some , consisting of a single row of entries, = […]. (Throughout this article, boldface is used for both row and column vectors.)