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Cast-in-place concrete or Cast-in-situ concrete is a technology of construction of buildings where walls and slabs of the buildings are cast at the site in formwork. [1] This differs from precast concrete technology where slabs are cast elsewhere and then brought to the construction site and assembled. [ 2 ]
Masonry walls are built with a damp-proof course to prevent rising damp, and the concrete in foundations needs to be damp-proofed or waterproofed with a liquid coating, basement waterproofing membrane (even under the concrete slab floor where polyethylene sheeting is commonly used), or an additive to the concrete.
Plaque describing the Water Wall. The architects' design for the Waterwall was to be a "horseshoe of rushing water" opposite the Transco (now Williams) Tower. The semi-circular fountain is 64 feet (20 m) tall, to symbolize the 64 stories of the tower, and sits among 118 Texas live oak trees. The concave portion of the circle, which faces north ...
The tower is among Houston's most visible buildings as the 4th-tallest in Texas, and the 51st-tallest in the United States. The Williams Tower is the tallest building in Houston outside of Downtown Houston, [3] and is the tallest skyscraper in the United States outside of a city's central business district. It has been referred to as the ...
The derivation of the maximum arching moment of resistance of laterally restrained concrete bridge deck slabs utilised Rankin's [21] idealised elastic-plastic stress-strain criterion for concrete, valid for concrete cylinder strengths up to at least 70N/mm 2, which he had derived on the basis of Hognestad, Hanson and McHenry's [23] ultimate ...
The first expanded polystyrene ICF Wall forms were developed in the late 1960s with the expiration of the original patent and the advent of modern foam plastics by BASF. [citation needed] Canadian contractor Werner Gregori filed the first patent for a foam concrete form in 1966 with a block "measuring 16 inches high by 48 inches long with a tongue-and-groove interlock, metal ties, and a waffle ...
Geomembrane installation as part of the construction of a base liner system of a landfill [2] Geomembranes have been used in the following environmental, geotechnical, hydraulic, transportation, and private development applications: As liners for potable water; As liners for reserve water (e.g., safe shutdown of nuclear facilities)
The concept was pioneered by James MacDonald, of MacDonald Engineering Chicago, and published by Milko S. Ketchum in an illustrated book: The Design of Walls, Bins, and Grain Elevators in 1907. [4] Later, MacDonald published a scientific paper: Moving Forms for Reinforced Concrete Storage Bins in 1911. [5]