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The Moenkopi Formation is a geological formation that is spread across the U.S. states of New Mexico, northern Arizona, Nevada, southeastern California, eastern Utah and western Colorado. This unit is considered to be a group in Arizona.
This chart is for general use, because changes in grain size and flow depth can change the bedform present and skip bedforms in certain scenarios. Bidirectional environments (e.g. tidal flats) produce similar bedforms, but the reworking the sediments and opposite directions of flow complicates the structures.
Ancient wave ripple marks in sandstone, Moenkopi Formation, Capitol Reef National Park, Utah. In geology, ripple marks are sedimentary structures (i.e., bedforms of the lower flow regime) and indicate agitation by water (current or waves) or directly by wind.
Ripple marks in Moenkopi Formation rock. Local climatic conditions were wetter and more tropical in the Early Triassic than they were previously. In the Capitol Reef area the resulting Moenkopi Formation is divided into four members (from oldest to youngest): [6] Black Dragon Member; Sinbad Limestone Member, Torrey Member, and; Moody Canyon Member.
Sedimentary structures include all kinds of features in sediments and sedimentary rocks, formed at the time of deposition.. Sediments and sedimentary rocks are characterized by bedding, which occurs when layers of sediment, with different particle sizes are deposited on top of each other. [1]
From top to bottom: Rounded tan domes of the Navajo Sandstone, layered red Kayenta Formation, cliff-forming, vertically jointed, red Wingate Sandstone, slope-forming, purplish Chinle Formation, layered, lighter-red Moenkopi Formation, and white, layered Cutler Formation sandstone. Picture from Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, Utah.
Lucas and Hunt subsequently reduced the unit to member rank within the Moenkopi Formation, [2] [3] but its inclusion in the Moenkopi has not been universally accepted. [6] Some red beds previously mapped as Bernal Formation , particularly in its more northern and western exposures, are now thought to belong to the Anton Chico.
The buttes are made of three principal rock layers. The lowest layer is Organ Rock Shale, the middle is de Chelly Sandstone, and the top layer is the Moenkopi Formation, capped by Shinarump Conglomerate.