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Secondarily retroperitoneal, meaning the structures initially were suspended in mesentery and later migrated behind the peritoneum during development [3] the duodenum, except for the proximal first segment, which is intraperitoneal [4] ascending and descending portions of the colon (but not the transverse colon, sigmoid and the cecum)
This is the region where para-aortic and paracaval lymphadenectomies are done. The lateral boundary of the retroperitoneum is defined by the ascending and descending colon. The retroperitoneum can be approached from above by moving the duodenum aside as far as the major renal blood vessels. [2]
The descending colon is the part of the colon from the splenic flexure to the beginning of the sigmoid colon. One function of the descending colon in the digestive system is to store feces that will be emptied into the rectum. It is retroperitoneal in two-thirds of humans. In the other third, it has a (usually short) mesentery. [20]
Retroperitoneal ( or Extraperitoneal ) Infraperitoneal / Subperitoneal: Stomach, half of the first part of the duodenum [2.2 cm], jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, rectum (upper 1/3) The rest of the duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon, rectum (middle 1/3) Rectum (lower 1/3) Spleen, pancreas (only tail) Liver
These include most of the stomach, first part of the duodenum, all of the small intestine, caecum and appendix, transverse colon, sigmoid colon and rectum. In these sections of the gut, there is a clear boundary between the gut and the surrounding tissue. These parts of the tract have a mesentery. Retroperitoneal parts are covered with ...
retroperitoneal organs are covered in adventitia (loose connective tissue) In the gastrointestinal tract , the muscular layer is bounded in most cases by serosa. However, at the oral cavity , thoracic esophagus , ascending colon , descending colon and the rectum , the muscular layer is instead bounded by adventitia.
The intraperitoneal regions include most of the stomach, first part of the duodenum, all of the small intestine, caecum and appendix, transverse colon, sigmoid colon and rectum. In these sections of the gut there is clear boundary between the gut and the surrounding tissue. These parts of the tract have a mesentery.
The mesocolon (the part of the mesentery that attaches the colon to the abdominal wall) was formerly thought to be a fragmented structure, with all named parts—the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid mesocolons, the mesoappendix, and the mesorectum—separately terminating their insertion into the posterior abdominal wall. [2]