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The term coastal zone is used to refer to a region where interactions of sea and land processes occur. [10] Both the terms coast and coastal are often used to describe a geographic location or region located on a coastline (e.g., New Zealand's West Coast, or the East, West, and Gulf Coast of the United States.)
The Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (CZMA; Pub. L. 92–583, 86 Stat. 1280, enacted October 27, 1972, 16 U.S.C. §§ 1451–1464, Chapter 33) is an Act of Congress passed in 1972 to encourage coastal states to develop and implement coastal zone management plans (CZMPs). This act was established as a United States National policy to preserve ...
Coastal geography is the study of the constantly changing region between the ocean and the land, incorporating both the physical geography (i.e. coastal geomorphology, climatology and oceanography) and the human geography (sociology and history) of the coast.
The Coastal Zone Management Program was created by the Coastal Zone Management Act [2] (October 27, 1972). It provides grants to eligible states and territories as an incentive to prepare and implement plans guiding the use of coastal lands and resources. Thirty-four of the 35 eligible states and territories are implementing federally approved ...
The stated goal of the program is to reduce polluted runoff to coastal waters. The six main runoff sources are agriculture, forestry, urban areas, wetlands, modified shorelines and stream channels, and vegetative and other treatment systems. This program was established in 1990 by Section 6217 of the Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments. [2]
Integrated coastal zone management (ICZM), integrated coastal management (ICM), or integrated coastal planning is a coastal management process for the management of the coast using an integrated approach, regarding all aspects of the coastal zone, including geographical and political boundaries, in an attempt to achieve sustainability.
34 Western Gulf Coastal Plain; 36 Ouachita Mountains; 37 Arkansas Valley; 38 Boston Mountains; 39 Ozark Highlands; 51 North Central Hardwood Forests; 52 Driftless Area; 53 Southeastern Wisconsin Till Plains; 54 Central Corn Belt Plains; 55 Eastern Corn Belt Plains; 56 Southern Michigan/Northern Indiana Drift Plains; 57 Huron/Erie Lake Plains ...
The data describes coastal morphology, surface currents and wave parameters. The main advantage of video analysis lies in the ability to reliably quantify these parameters with high resolution space and time coverage. This highlights their potential as an effective coastal monitoring system and an aid to coastal zone management. [41]