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The term "vitamin K antagonist" is a misnomer, as the drugs do not directly antagonise the action of vitamin K in the pharmacological sense, but rather the recycling of vitamin K. Vitamin K is required for the proper production of certain proteins involved in the blood clotting process.
Warfarin inhibits the vitamin K-dependent synthesis of biologically active forms of the clotting factors II, VII, IX and X, as well as the regulatory factors protein C, protein S, and protein Z. [85] [86] Other proteins not involved in blood clotting, such as osteocalcin, or matrix Gla protein, may also be affected.
Vitamin K is a family of structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamers found in foods and marketed as dietary supplements. [1] The human body requires vitamin K for post-synthesis modification of certain proteins that are required for blood coagulation ("K" from Danish koagulation, for "coagulation") or for controlling binding of calcium in bones and other tissues. [2]
4-Hydroxycoumarins are a class of vitamin K antagonist (VKA) anticoagulant drug molecules. Chemically, they are derived from coumarin by adding a hydroxy group at the 4 position to obtain 4-hydroxycoumarin , then adding a large aromatic substituent at the 3-position (the ring-carbon between the hydroxyl and the carbonyl).
He also notes that watercress' high vitamin K content can interact with certain medications, especially blood thinners like warfarin (Coumadin). "Vitamin K plays a vital role in blood clotting, so ...
Warfarin binds to and blocks the enzyme Vitamin K epoxide reductase which is usually responsible for activating vitamin K during vitamin K recycling. Vitamin K, once activated, is able to add a carboxylic acid group to glutamate residues of certain proteins which assists in correct protein folding. [9] Without active vitamin K, a fetus exposed ...
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