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Hydroquinone, also known as benzene-1,4-diol or quinol, is an aromatic organic compound that is a type of phenol, a derivative of benzene, having the chemical formula C 6 H 4 (OH) 2. It has two hydroxyl groups bonded to a benzene ring in a para position.
Hydroquinone is used to reduce the activated silver ions to metallic silver. During this process, hydroquinone is oxidized to quinone. All silver halide not activated by light or reduced by hydroquinone is removed, leaving a negative by deposited silver where the film had been struck by light. [18]
Hydroquinone ethers (2 C, 13 P) Pages in category "Hydroquinones" The following 18 pages are in this category, out of 18 total. This list may not reflect recent ...
Hydroquinone is a commonly used agent in skin whiteners. The European Union banned it from cosmetics in 2000. [9] It works by decreasing melanin production. [9]Tretinoin, also known as all-trans retinoic acid, may be used to whiten specific areas. [6]
Popular developing agents are metol (monomethyl-p-aminophenol hemisulfate), phenidone (1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidinone), dimezone (4,4-dimethyl-1-phenylpyrazolidin-3-one) and hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol). Dimezone is thought to resist oxidation in solution better than Phenidone A, but it is not as available as Phenidone A. Dimezone is also known ...
1,4-Benzoquinone, commonly known as para-quinone, is a chemical compound with the formula C 6 H 4 O 2.In a pure state, it forms bright-yellow crystals with a characteristic irritating odor, resembling that of chlorine, bleach, and hot plastic or formaldehyde.
Hydroquinone is the compound most frequently used in skin-whitening products. Due to concerns about its side effects, it was almost banned by the FDA in 2006, as medical issues of carcinogenicity and reports of disfiguring ochronosis existed. [10] In the European Union hydroquinone has been banned in cosmetic creams since 2000. [11]
Kligman formula consisting of 0.1% tretinoin, 5.0% hydroquinone, 0.1% dexamethasone, and hydrophilic ointment. [12] The dermatologist gold-standard formula for treating hyperpigmentation is the Kligman formula, a prescription named after its inventor, dermatologist Dr. Albert Kilgman.
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