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The polka dot sign arises due to the unique structural changes in vertebral hemangiomas. These changes include thickened vertical trabeculae, where the they apepar as small, discrete dots in axial imaging. There is also vascular proliferation and fat deposition that replaces normal bone marrow.
It is one of the myeloproliferative disorders, diseases of the bone marrow in which excess cells are produced at some stage. Production of cytokines such as fibroblast growth factor by the abnormal hematopoietic cell clone (particularly by megakaryocytes ) [ 11 ] leads to replacement of the hematopoietic tissue of the bone marrow by connective ...
Graft-versus-host disease is an autoimmune condition that occurs as a result of bone-marrow transplants in which the immune cells from the transplanted bone marrow attack the host's body. Mycosis fungoides is a type of cutaneous T cell lymphoma, a rare cancer that causes rashes all over the body.
The hematopoietic cells are most sensitive to low oxygen and are the first to die after reduction or removal of the blood supply, usually within 12 hours. [2] Experimental evidence suggests that bone cells (osteocytes, osteoclasts, osteoblasts etc.) die within 12–48 hours, and that bone marrow fat cells die within 5 days. [2]
Differentiation of blood precursor cells is impaired, and a significant increase in levels of apoptotic cell death occurs in bone-marrow cells. Clonal expansion of the abnormal cells results in the production of cells that have lost the ability to differentiate.
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a type of leukemia, which are cancers of the blood-forming cells of the bone marrow. In adults, blood cells are formed in the bone marrow, by a process that is known as haematopoiesis. In CMML, there are increased numbers of monocytes and immature blood cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow, as ...
A sequestrum (plural: sequestra) is a piece of dead bone [1] that has become separated during the process of necrosis from normal or sound bone. It is a complication (sequela) of osteomyelitis. The pathological process is as follows: infection in the bone leads to an increase in intramedullary pressure due to inflammatory exudates
Because the bone marrow is the manufacturing center of blood cells, the suppression of bone marrow activity causes a deficiency of blood cells. This condition can rapidly lead to life-threatening infection , as the body cannot produce leukocytes in response to invading bacteria and viruses , as well as leading to anaemia due to a lack of red ...