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In parallel to albuminuria in 1936, discussion on renal lesions observed in patients with diabetes led to the description, by Kimmelstiel and Wilson, of the characteristic nodular fibrotic observed in the diabetic glomeruli (Kimmelstiel and Wilson, 1936b). Kimmelstiel and Wilson introduced the term diabetic nephropathy (DN) to define a clinical ...
[9] [10] Concurrently, there are changes within the glomerulus itself: these include a thickening of the basement membrane, a widening of the slit membranes of the podocytes, an increase in the number of mesangial cells, and an increase in mesangial matrix. This matrix invades the glomerular capillaries and produces deposits called Kimmelstiel ...
Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP), also known as Nora's lesion, [4] is a type of non-cancerous bone tumor belonging to the group of cartilage tumors. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 5 ] It is generally seen in the tubular bones of the hands and feet , [ 6 ] where it presents with a rapidly enlarging painless lump in a finger or toe.
Acalculia is associated with lesions of the parietal lobe (especially the angular gyrus) and the frontal lobe and can be an early sign of dementia.Acalculia is sometimes observed as a "pure" deficit, but is commonly observed as one of a constellation of symptoms, including agraphia, finger agnosia and right-left confusion, after damage to the left angular gyrus, known as Gerstmann syndrome.
Knuckle pads are benign subcutaneous fibrotic nodules that are seen in the finger joints and/or the extensor area of the foot. [6] [7] [8] From a clinical perspective, these are well-defined, non-compressible, freely moveable lesions that resemble warts and primarily affect the dorsal portion of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and, less frequently, the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints.
Ataxia (from Greek α- [a negative prefix] + -τάξις [order] = "lack of order") is a neurological sign consisting of lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements that can include gait abnormality, speech changes, and abnormalities in eye movements, that indicates dysfunction of parts of the nervous system that coordinate movement, such as the cerebellum.
The distribution of the lesions could be linked to the clinical evolution [25] Post-mortem autopsies reveal that gray matter demyelination occurs in the motor cortex, cingulate gyrus, cerebellum, thalamus and spinal cord. [26] Cortical lesions have been observed specially in people with SPMS but they also appear in RRMS and clinically isolated ...
Prurigo nodularis (PN), also known as nodular prurigo, is a skin disorder characterized by pruritic , nodular lesions, which commonly appear on the trunk, arms and legs. [1] Patients often present with multiple excoriated nodules caused by chronic scratching.