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In organic chemistry, carbonyl reduction is the conversion of any carbonyl group, usually to an alcohol. It is a common transformation that is practiced in many ways. [ 1 ] Ketones , aldehydes , carboxylic acids , esters , amides , and acid halides - some of the most pervasive functional groups , -comprise carbonyl compounds.
When the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound is prepared in situ from two carbonyl compounds (via an Aldol condensation), the reaction is known as the Beyer method for quinolines. The reaction is catalyzed by Lewis acids such as tin tetrachloride and scandium(III) triflate and Brønsted acids such as p -toluenesulfonic acid , perchloric acid ...
Selenoxide elimination (also called α-selenation) [1] is a method for the chemical synthesis of alkenes from selenoxides. It is most commonly used to synthesize α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds from the corresponding saturated analogues. [2] It is mechanistically related to the Cope reaction.
Most metal carbonyl complexes contain a mixture of ligands. Examples include the historically important IrCl(CO)(P(C 6 H 5) 3) 2 and the antiknock agent (CH 3 C 5 H 4)Mn(CO) 3. The parent compounds for many of these mixed ligand complexes are the binary carbonyls, those species of the formula [M x (CO) n] z, many of which are
[4] [5] The reaction has since been extended to the synthesis of β-keto esters from the condensation between aldehydes and diazo esters. [6] The general reaction scheme is as follows: General Scheme for Buchner Reaction. The reaction yields two possible carbonyl compounds (I and II) along with an epoxide (III). The ratio of the products is ...
Hydrolysis is the reverse reaction of formation with regeneration of the carbonyl compound. In the Shapiro reaction tosylhydrazones are used as a leaving group in elimination reactions. This reaction requires a strong base. If sodium methoxide is used as the base the reaction is called a Bamford–Stevens reaction.
In 1929, Bergs issued a patent that described his own synthesis of a number of 5-substituted hydantoins. Bucherer improved on Bergs’ method, finding that lower temperatures and pressures for the reaction were permissible. Bucherer and Steiner also found that cyanohydrins would react just as well as carbonyl compounds to produce hydantoins ...
Synthesis of α-hydroxy carbonyl compounds is most commonly accomplished by either chain extension or oxidation of carbonyl compounds. In conjunction with aldehydes and ketones, tosyl isocyanides can be used to form α-hydroxy ketones after hydrolysis of the resulting oxazolines.