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  2. Infant respiratory distress syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_respiratory...

    IRDS affects about 1% of newborns and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. [5] Data have shown the choice of elective caesarean sections to strikingly increase the incidence of respiratory distress in term infants; dating back to 1995, the UK first documented 2,000 annual caesarean section births requiring ...

  3. Acute respiratory distress syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_respiratory_distress...

    Causes may include sepsis, pancreatitis, trauma, pneumonia, and aspiration. [1] The underlying mechanism involves diffuse injury to cells which form the barrier of the microscopic air sacs of the lungs , surfactant dysfunction, activation of the immune system , and dysfunction of the body's regulation of blood clotting . [ 5 ]

  4. Airway resistance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airway_resistance

    In fluid dynamics, the Hagen–Poiseuille equation is a physical law that gives the pressure drop in a fluid flowing through a long cylindrical pipe. The assumptions of the equation are that the flow is laminar viscous and incompressible and the flow is through a constant circular cross-section that is substantially longer than its diameter.

  5. Vascular resistance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_resistance

    Vascular resistance is the resistance that must be overcome for blood to flow through the circulatory system.The resistance offered by the systemic circulation is known as the systemic vascular resistance or may sometimes be called by another term total peripheral resistance, while the resistance caused by the pulmonary circulation is known as the pulmonary vascular resistance.

  6. Spirometer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirometer

    1681, Giovanni Alfonso Borelli tried to measure the volume of air inspired in one breath. He assembled a cylindrical tube partially filled with water, with an open water source entering the bottom of the cylinder. He occluded his nostrils, inhaled through an outlet at the top of the cylinder and measured the volume of air displaced by water.

  7. Ground-glass opacity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground-glass_opacity

    AAH is a pre-malignant cause of nodular GGO and is more commonly associated with lower attenuation on CT and smaller nodule size (<10 mm) compared to adenocarcinoma. [10] In addition, AAH often lacks the solid features and spiculated appearance that are often associated with malignant growths. [ 9 ]

  8. Pulmonary wedge pressure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_wedge_pressure

    Diagram of a pulmonary artery catheter in position. The pulmonary wedge pressure (PWP) (also called pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP), or cross-sectional pressure) is the pressure measured by wedging a pulmonary artery catheter with an inflated balloon into a small pulmonary arterial branch. [1]

  9. Clinical prediction rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_prediction_rule

    The investigators then obtain a standard set of clinical observations on each patient and a test or clinical follow-up to define the true state of the patient. They then use statistical methods to identify the best clinical predictors of the patient's true state. The probability of disease will depend on the patient's key clinical predictors.