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It consisted in visiting a family to observe their infant from birth to two years. These weekly observations in the natural environment of the baby's home offered a vivid learning experience of child development. Observers came to appreciate the mutual influence of the developing relationship between mother and baby, father and siblings (if any).
Critics also have asserted that the Maturational Theory can be used as an excuse to withhold treatment and educational opportunities from children. [5] Recent research has challenged Gesell's age norms, showing that newborns may have more abilities than was reported and that his developmental picture may be too slow. [11]
Pathological demand avoidance (PDA) or extreme demand avoidance (EDA) is a proposed disorder, and proposed pervasive developmental disorder, defined by characteristics such as a demand avoidance—which is a greater-than-typical refusal to comply with requests or expectations—and extreme efforts to avoid social demands. [1]
The most common technique used in research for testing self-awareness in infants is a mirror test known as the "Rouge Test". [44] [45] The rouge test works by applying a dot on an infant’s face and then placing them in front of the mirror. If the infant investigates the dot on their nose by touching it, they are thought to realize their own ...
The Synactive Theory of Newborn Behavioral Organization and Development [1] [2] (Synaction n., or Synactive adj. [from the Greek syn “together” and the Latin actio “action,” resulting in: “together in action”]) suggests that development of the human fetus, and later newborn, proceeds through the constant balancing of approach and avoidance behaviors, leading to: (1) a continuous ...
Value sensitive design (VSD) is a theoretically grounded approach to the design of technology that accounts for human values in a principled and comprehensive manner. [1] [2] VSD originated within the field of information systems design [3] and human-computer interaction [4] to address design issues within the fields by emphasizing the ethical values of direct and indirect stakeholders.
Evidence has shown that newborns' eyes do not work in the same fashion as older children or adults – mainly due to poor coordination of the eyes. Newborn's eyes move in the same direction only about half of the time. [17] The strength of eye muscle control is positively correlated to achieve depth perception.
Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is an educational framework based on research in the learning theory, including cognitive neuroscience, that guides the development of flexible learning environments and learning spaces that can accommodate individual learning differences. [1]