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Ephedra is widely used by athletes as a performance-enhancing drug, [13] despite a lack of evidence that it improves athletic performance. [14] [15] Ephedra may also be used as a precursor in the illicit manufacture of methamphetamine. [16] Ephedra has been used as a weight-loss aid, sometimes in combination with aspirin and caffeine.
TrimSpa was a dietary supplement designed for weight loss, marketed by the company Goen Technologies and headed by Alexander Szynalski. [1] The ephedra-based supplement was marketed by TrimSpa to help "stave off hunger", [2] until ephedra was banned from the United States. TrimSpa's parent company, Goen Technologies, filed for bankruptcy ...
Ephedrine Sulphate (1932), Ephedrine Compound (1932), and Swan-Myers Ephedrine Inhalant No. 66 (circa 1940).Ephedrine is a non-catecholamine sympathomimetic with cardiovascular effects similar to those of adrenaline/epinephrine: increased blood pressure, heart rate, and contractility.
[20] [17] Ephedrine (and related compounds that are also active ingredients in ephedra preparations) exert their effects by acting directly and indirectly as adrenergic agonists. [ 21 ] The discontinued drug 2,4-dinitrophenol works by increasing energy expenditure by decreasing the efficiency of mitochondria ( uncoupling agent ). [ 18 ]
Methcathinone / ˌ m ɛ θ ˈ k æ θ ɪ ˌ n oʊ n / (α-methyl amino-propiophenone or ephedrone) (sometimes called "cat" or "jeff" or "catnip" or "M-Kat" or "kat" or "intash") is a monoamine alkaloid and psychoactive stimulant, a substituted cathinone.
Ephedrine, one of the most well-known selective NRAs.. A norepinephrine releasing agent (NRA), also known as an adrenergic releasing agent, is a catecholaminergic type of drug that induces the release of norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) from the pre-synaptic neuron into the synapse.
In the United States, it is illegal to market products containing ephedrine or ephedra alkaloids as a dietary supplement. [1] In 2004, ephedra , a botanical source of ephedrine alkaloids, was banned by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration due to serious safety concerns, injuries, and deaths linked to ephedra-containing supplements.
It is now part of Sanofi. [1] Dexatrim formula has changed considerably over the years. In prior formulations, Dexatrim contained the decongestant phenylpropanolamine (PPA) and the amphetamine-like compound ephedra. [13] A 2000 study by Yale University School of Medicine showed an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke with taking PPA. [14]