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For a butterfly network with p processor nodes, there need to be p(log 2 p + 1) switching nodes. Figure 1 shows a network with 8 processor nodes, which implies 32 switching nodes. It represents each node as N(rank, column number). For example, the node at column 6 in rank 1 is represented as (1,6) and node at column 2 in rank 0 is represented ...
Network-intensive applications like networked storage or cluster computing need a network infrastructure with a high bandwidth and low latency. The advantages of RDMA over other network application programming interfaces such as Berkeley sockets are lower latency, lower CPU load and higher bandwidth. [ 6 ]
UPI is a low-latency coherent interconnect for scalable multiprocessor systems with a shared address space. It uses a directory-based home snoop coherency protocol with a transfer speed of up to 10.4 GT/s. Supporting processors typically have two or three UPI links.
10 Gbit/s: 1.25 GB/s: RapidIO Gen2 2x: 10 Gbit/s: 1.25 GB/s: 2008 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GBASE-X) 10 Gbit/s: 1.25 GB/s: 2002-2006 Myri 10G: 10 Gbit/s: 1.25 GB/s: InfiniBand FDR-10 1× [24] 10 Gbit/s: 1.25 GB/s: 2011 NUMAlink 2: 12.8 Gbit/s: 1.6 GB/s: 1996 InfiniBand FDR 1× [24] 13.64 Gbit/s: 1.7 GB/s: 2011 InfiniBand SDR 8× [23] 16 Gbit/s: 2 ...
InfiniBand (IB) is a computer networking communications standard used in high-performance computing that features very high throughput and very low latency. It is used for data interconnect both among and within computers.
The worst-case latency requirement is defined as 2 ms for Class A and 50 ms for Class B, but has been shown to be unreliable. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] The per-port peer delay provided by gPTP and the network bridge residence delay are added to calculate the accumulated delays and ensure the latency requirement is met.
In data communications, the bandwidth-delay product is the product of a data link's capacity (in bits per second) and its round-trip delay time (in seconds). [1] The result, an amount of data measured in bits (or bytes), is equivalent to the maximum amount of data on the network circuit at any given time, i.e., data that has been transmitted but not yet acknowledged.
There is no bandwidth increase from CXL 1.x, because CXL 2.0 still utilizes PCIe 5.0 PHY. On August 2, 2022, the CXL Specification 3.0 was released, based on PCIe 6.0 physical interface and PAM-4 coding with double the bandwidth; new features include fabrics capabilities with multi-level switching and multiple device types per port, and ...