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The individuals giving up their own reproductive success form a sterile caste of workers within the group. All species that practice reproductive altruism produce one or more queens, the only breeding females, who are larger than the rest. The remainder of the society is composed of a few breeding males, sterile male and female workers, and the ...
Stephanus serrator female. Stephanid wasps are known as crown wasps because the top of the wasp's head bears a group of five tubercles. The somewhat elongated prothorax is connected to the propodeum (the first abdominal segment) by a very long petiole, and the ventral side of the hind femur bears teeth.
The body of a female is c. 2 inches (50 mm) long, with an ovipositor c. 4 inches (100 mm) long. Females of the parasitoid wasp Neoneurus vesculus ovipositing in workers of the ant Formica cunicularia. Parasitized white cabbage larvae showing wasp larvae exiting its body, spinning cocoons. Playback at double speed.
The male wasps appear first and will mate with the female wasps once they emerge from the soil. After mating, female wasps will select a site and begin digging a burrow, normally under sidewalks ...
However, wasp cocoons protected in this way develop into adults that produce fewer eggs, due to the energy demands of maintaining a living protector. [11] Ladybirds paralyzed, twitching, and attached to the cocoon of D. coccinellae have been compared to zombies by many writers. [11] [12] [13] After 6–9 days, the wasp emerges from the cocoon. [7]
Commonly, uninfected wasps are unable to breed with infected wasps. [18] Many generations of reproductive isolation of these different groups may result in speciation. [ 18 ] In addition, some hosts can evolve with a dependency on Wolbachia for core reproductive functions, such as oogenesis , so that eventually an infection is a requirement for ...
Most parasitoid wasps dispatch prey in some such hideous manner, including entombing their paralyzed bodies. This tiny ichneumon wasp (Enicospilus purgatus) is nocturnal, as are most of its quarry ...
As in other Nasonia wasps, N. vitripennis is haplodiploid, having haploid males and diploid females, and measures from 2–3 mm in length, with larger and darker-colored females than males. These wasps, like most other insects, show much sexual dimorphism, and females tend to be less easy to distinguish by species than males.