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Néré, Jacques: The foreign policy of France from 1914 to 1945, Island Press, 2001. Nord, Philip: France's New Deal: From the Thirties to the Postwar Era, Princeton University Press 2010. Paxton, Robert O.: Vichy France: Old Guard and New Order, 1940–1944, 2nd ed. 2001.
The Government of Vichy France was the collaborationist ruling regime or government in Nazi-occupied France during the Second World War.Of contested legitimacy, it was headquartered in the town of Vichy in occupied France, but it initially took shape in Paris under Marshal Philippe Pétain as the successor to the French Third Republic in June 1940.
Vichy France in 1940–1942 was recognised by most Axis and neutral powers, as well as the United States and the Soviet Union. During the war, Vichy France conducted military actions against armed incursions from Axis and Allied belligerents and was an example of armed neutrality.
The Republic had nothing to do with this. I do not believe France is responsible", he said in September 1994. [10] Jacques Chirac, who became president in 1995, was the first French leader to accept collective guilt for Vichy's deeds, stating on the anniversary of the July 1942 Vel' d'Hiv Roundup that France had committed an "irreparable" act. [4]
A Vichy law of 7 October 1940 (published 8 October in the Journal Officiel) abrogated the Cremieux decree and denaturalized the Jewish population of Algeria. [1] A further law regarding foreign Jewish nationals of 4 October 1940, promulgated simultaneously with the Jewish status laws, allowed for the immediate internment of foreign Jews. [2]
Led by Philippe Pétain, the Vichy regime that replaced the French Third Republic in 1940 chose the path of collaboration with the Nazi occupiers.This policy included the Bousquet-Oberg accords of July 1942 that formalized the collaboration of the French police with the German police.
According to Wayne Northcutt, certain domestic circumstances helped shape Mitterrand's foreign policy in four ways: he needed to maintain a political consensus; he kept an eye on economic conditions; he believed in the nationalistic imperative for French policy; and he tried to exploit Gaullism and its heritage for political advantage. [93]
The Paris Protocols were an agreement between Nazi Germany and Vichy France negotiated in May 1941. Although not ratified, the protocols were implemented. Admiral François Darlan represented the French and the German ambassador to France, Otto Abetz, represented the Nazis.