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A circle with five chords and the corresponding circle graph. In graph theory, a circle graph is the intersection graph of a chord diagram.That is, it is an undirected graph whose vertices can be associated with a finite system of chords of a circle such that two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding chords cross each other.
The circle of radius with center at (,) in the – plane can be broken into two semicircles each of which is the graph of a function, + and , respectively: + = + (), = (), for values of ranging from to + .
A pie chart (or a circle chart) is a circular statistical graphic which is divided into slices to illustrate numerical proportion. In a pie chart, the arc length of each slice (and consequently its central angle and area ) is proportional to the quantity it represents.
Ptolemy used a circle of diameter 120, and gave chord lengths accurate to two sexagesimal (base sixty) digits after the integer part. [2] The chord function is defined geometrically as shown in the picture. The chord of an angle is the length of the chord between two points on a unit circle separated by that central angle.
Graph drawing is an area of mathematics and computer science combining methods from geometric graph theory and information visualization to derive two-dimensional depictions of graphs arising from applications such as social network analysis, cartography, linguistics, and bioinformatics.
A graph that contains a Hamiltonian path is called a traceable graph. A graph is Hamiltonian-connected if for every pair of vertices there is a Hamiltonian path between the two vertices. A Hamiltonian cycle , Hamiltonian circuit , vertex tour or graph cycle is a cycle that visits each vertex exactly once.
A graph with edges colored to illustrate a closed walk, H–A–B–A–H, in green; a circuit which is a closed walk in which all edges are distinct, B–D–E–F–D–C–B, in blue; and a cycle which is a closed walk in which all vertices are distinct, H–D–G–H, in red.
As cycle graphs can be drawn as regular polygons, the symmetries of an n-cycle are the same as those of a regular polygon with n sides, the dihedral group of order 2n. In particular, there exist symmetries taking any vertex to any other vertex, and any edge to any other edge, so the n -cycle is a symmetric graph .