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The first ever expedition to reach the Geographic South Pole was led by the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen.He and four other crew members made it to the geographical south pole on 14 December 1911, [n 1] which would prove to be five weeks ahead of the competitive British party led by Robert Falcon Scott as part of the Terra Nova Expedition.
English: Map showing the polar journeys of the Scott's Terra Nova expedition (green) and Amundsen's expedition (red) to reach the South Pole Français : Carte montrant les parcours de l'expédition Terra Nova de Scott (vert) et celle d'Amundsen (rouge) pour atteindre le Pôle Sud
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From these calculations, Amundsen determined that their current position was approximately 5.5 miles (8.9 km) from the mathematical South Pole point. This point had been "boxed" by the skiers. On 17 December Amundsen proceeded to his estimate of the true South Pole position, and took additional observations for 24 hours, two men standing watch ...
The Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, operated by the United States Antarctic Program, was jointly named in honour of Amundsen and his British rival Robert Falcon Scott. [51] The Amundsen crater on the Moon was named after him; the rim of the crater is being considered by NASA as a potential landing location for their Artemis III lunar lander.
Amundsen's South Pole expedition, with Amundsen and four others, arrived at the pole on 14 December 1911, [4] five weeks ahead of a British party led by Robert Falcon Scott as part of the Terra Nova expedition. Amundsen and his team returned safely to their base, and later learned that Scott and his four companions had died on their return journey.
The Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, photographed in 2006. After Scott's retreat from the pole in January 1912, the location remained unvisited for nearly 18 years. On 28 November 1929, US Navy Commander (later Rear-Admiral) Richard E. Byrd and three others completed the first aircraft flight over the South Pole. [20]
A steep and turbulent icefall where the Axel Heiberg Glacier descends from the polar plateau between Mount Fridtjof Nansen and Mount Don Pedro Christophersen. It was named by the Southern Party of the NZGSAE (1961-62) for Captain Roald Amundsen, who ascended Axel Heiberg Glacier enroute to the South Pole in 1911. [12]