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Louise Joy Brown (born 25 July 1978) is an English woman who was the first human to have been born after conception by in vitro fertilisation experiment (IVF). Her birth, following a procedure pioneered in Britain, has been lauded among "the most remarkable medical breakthroughs of the 20th Century".
The rate of ectopic pregnancy is about 1% and 2% of that of live births in developed countries, though it is as high as 4% in pregnancies involving assisted reproductive technology. [5] Between 93% and 97% of ectopic pregnancies are located in a fallopian tube. [1]
Live births are recorded on a U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth, also known as a birth certificate. [4] The United States recorded 3,605,201 live births in 2020 which is a 4% decrease from 2019 and the 6th consecutive year of decline in births. [5] Not all pregnancies result in live births. A woman may choose to end her pregnancy by abortion.
Failure of neurulation, especially failure of closure of the neural tube are among the most common and disabling birth defects in humans, occurring in roughly 1 in every 500 live births. [42] Failure of the rostral end of the neural tube to close results in anencephaly, or lack of brain development, and is most often fatal. [43]
The birth of Louise Brown, the world's first 'test-tube baby', at 11:47 pm on 25 July 1978 at the Oldham General Hospital made medical history: in vitro fertilisation meant a new way to help infertile couples who formerly had no possibility of having a baby.
Anencephaly is the absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp that occurs during embryonic development. [1] It is a cephalic disorder that results from a neural tube defect that occurs when the rostral (head) end of the neural tube fails to close, usually between the 23rd and 26th day following conception. [2]
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The part of the Fallopian tube that is located in the uterine wall and connects the remainder of the tube to the endometrial cavity is called its "interstitial" part, hence the term "interstitial pregnancy"; it has a length of 1–2 cm and a width of 0.7 cm. [1] Its borders are the opening (ostium) of the tube to the endometrial cavity within the uterus and, laterally, the visible narrow ...