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Ambiviricota is a phylum of ambisense, single-stranded RNA viruses that infect fungi. These RNA virus genomes contain at least two open reading frames in a non-overlapping ambisense orientation. The ambisense structure allows the virus to encode two proteins on opposite strands of RNA.
An arenavirus is a bi- or trisegmented ambisense RNA virus that is a member of the family Arenaviridae. [1] [2] These viruses infect rodents and occasionally humans.A class of novel, highly divergent arenaviruses, properly known as reptarenaviruses, have also been discovered which infect snakes to produce inclusion body disease, mostly in boa constrictors.
An RNA virus is a virus characterized by a ribonucleic acid based genome. [1] The genome can be single-stranded RNA ... or ambisense RNA viruses.
Bunyaviruses have three single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) fragments, some of them containing both positive-sense and negative-sense sections; arenaviruses are also ssRNA viruses with an ambisense genome, as they have three fragments that are mainly negative-sense except for part of the 5′ ends of the large and small segments of their genome.
Ambisense means that some of the genes on the RNA strand are negative sense and others are positive sense. The ambisense S segment codes for the viral nucleoprotein (N) in the negative sense and a nonstructural protein (NSs) in the positive sense.
The Chapare virus is an enveloped virus with a bi-segmented single-stranded ambisense RNA genome. The two RNA segments are denoted Small (S) and Large (L). It belongs to the New World Clade B lineage of mammarenaviruses and is most closely related to the Sabia virus. [2] [5]
Some −ssRNA viruses are ambisense, meaning that both the negative genomic strand and positive antigenome separately encode different proteins. In order to transcribe ambisense viruses, two rounds of transcription are performed: first, mRNA is produced directly from the genome; second, mRNA is created from the antigenome.
Lassa virus structure and genome.Figure by Fehling et al., 2012 [13]. Lassa viruses [14] [15] are enveloped, single-stranded, bisegmented, ambisense RNA viruses.Their genome [16] is contained in two RNA segments that code for two proteins each, one in each sense, for a total of four viral proteins. [17]