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It has also been observed to cause villus ischemia, and increase intestinal motility. [15] The net result of these changes is induced diarrhoea. [15] Enteritis necroticans is an often fatal illness, caused by β-toxin of Clostridium perfringens. [16] This causes inflammation and segments of necrosis throughout the gastrointestinal tract.
Enteritis is the inflammation of the small intestine. It is generally caused by eating or drinking substances that are contaminated with bacteria or viruses. The bacterium and/or toxin settles in the small intestine and cause inflammation and swelling. This in turn can cause abdominal pain, cramping, diarrhea, fever, and dehydration. [1]
Bowel obstruction, also known as intestinal obstruction, is a mechanical or functional obstruction of the intestines which prevents the normal movement of the products of digestion. [2] [5] Either the small bowel or large bowel may be affected. [1] Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, vomiting, bloating and not passing gas. [1]
Enterocolitis is an inflammation of the digestive tract, involving enteritis of the small intestine and colitis of the colon. [1] It may be caused by various infections, with bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or other causes.
The condition is usually caused by Gram-positive enteric commensal bacteria of the gut (). Clostridioides difficile is a species of Gram-positive bacteria that commonly causes severe diarrhea and other intestinal diseases when competing bacteria are wiped out by antibiotics, causing pseudomembranous colitis, whereas Clostridium septicum is responsible for most cases of neutropenic enterocolitis.
When it comes to ileitis, the majority of cases are caused by an acute, self-limited form of lower right quadrant pain and/or diarrhea.However, other conditions, such as M. tuberculosis or vasculitis, can cause chronic, debilitating symptoms that are complicated by hemorrhage, obstructive symptoms, and/or extraintestinal manifestations.
It does not come all of a sudden but takes about 3–4 years to develop depending upon the age of the patient. Occasionally, the disease may manifest itself as an acute abdomen or bowel obstruction. [10] [11] Mucosal EG (25–100%) is the most common variety, [12] [13] which presents with features of malabsorption and protein losing enteropathy.
Histopathological features include small bowel villous changes such as atrophy and blunting, typically prominent in the proximal bowel. [12] Occasionally crypt abscesses are also seen. [ 50 ] The crypt epithelium may contain apoptotic bodies and lymphocytic infiltration, with comparatively little surface lymphocytosis (less than 40 lymphocytes ...
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