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A projected coordinate system – also called a projected coordinate reference system, planar coordinate system, or grid reference system – is a type of spatial reference system that represents locations on Earth using Cartesian coordinates (x, y) on a planar surface created by a particular map projection. [1]
Given that every projection gives deformations, each country's needs are different in order to reduce these distortions. These national projections, or national Coordinate Reference Systems are officially announced by the relevant national agencies. The list below is a collection of available official national projected Coordinate Reference ...
The equal-area projection that results from average of sinusoidal and Mollweide y-coordinates and thereby constraining the x coordinate. 1929 Craster parabolic =Putniņš P4: Pseudocylindrical Equal-area John Craster Meridians are parabolas. Standard parallels at 36°46′N/S; parallels are unequal in spacing and scale; 2:1 aspect. 1949
Homogeneous coordinates are not uniquely determined by a point, so a function defined on the coordinates, say (,,), does not determine a function defined on points as with Cartesian coordinates. But a condition f ( x , y , z ) = 0 {\displaystyle f(x,y,z)=0} defined on the coordinates, as might be used to describe a curve, determines a condition ...
Projected coordinate system (or planar, grid) Layout of a UTM coordinate system. A standardized cartesian coordinate system that models the Earth (or more commonly, a large region thereof) as a plane, measuring locations from an arbitrary origin point along x and y axes more or less aligned with the cardinal directions.
[1] [2] [3] In a map projection, coordinates, often expressed as latitude and longitude, of locations from the surface of the globe are transformed to coordinates on a plane. [4] [5] Projection is a necessary step in creating a two-dimensional map and is one of the essential elements of cartography.
The U.S. National Geodetic Survey's "State Plane Coordinate System of 1983" uses the Lambert conformal conic projection to define the grid-coordinate systems used in several states, primarily those that are elongated west to east such as Tennessee.
The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) is a map projection system for assigning coordinates to locations on the surface of the Earth.Like the traditional method of latitude and longitude, it is a horizontal position representation, which means it ignores altitude and treats the earth surface as a perfect ellipsoid.