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Klezmer (Yiddish: קלעזמער or כּלי־זמר) is an instrumental musical tradition of the Ashkenazi Jews of Central and Eastern Europe. [1] The essential elements of the tradition include dance tunes, ritual melodies, and virtuosic improvisations played for listening; these would have been played at weddings and other social functions.
Religious Jewish Music in the 20th century has spanned the gamut from Shlomo Carlebach's nigunim to Debbie Friedman's Jewish feminist folk, to the many sounds of Daniel Ben Shalom. Velvel Pasternak has spent much of the late 20th century acting as a preservationist and committing what had been a strongly oral tradition to paper.
In the words of Peter Gradenwitz, from this period onwards, the issue is "no longer the story of Jewish music, but the story of music by Jewish masters." [ 24 ] Jacques Offenbach (1819–1880), a leading composer of operetta in the 19th century, was the son of a cantor, and grew up steeped in traditional Jewish music.
He composed songs and some instrumental music, and for musical theatre and the ballet. Timothy, a children's opera with a libretto by the theatre director Peter Zadek, is based on the story 'Heinzelmeier' by Theodor Storm. [2] Another collaboration with Zadek was Der Judaskuss (The Kiss of Judas), a miracle play with music. [3]
The music may have preserved a few phrases in the reading of scripture which recalled songs from the Temple itself; but generally it echoed the tones which the Jew of each age and country heard around him, not merely in the actual borrowing of tunes, but more in the tonality on which the local music was based.
Jew's harp music is Library of Congress Subject Heading M175.J4. [ 2 ] Famous Jew's harpists include the German musicians Father Bruno Glatzl (1721–1773) of Melk Abbey (for whom Albrechtsberger wrote his concerti), Franz Koch (1761–1831), who was discovered by Frederick the Great , [ 3 ] and, "the most famous," [ 4 ] Karl Eulenstein (1802 ...
Within the traditional Jewish community, cantoral and chasiddic melodies were the musical standard.. In the 1950s and early 1960s recordings began to be made of non-cantorial Jewish music, beginning with Ben Zion Shenker's recording of the music of the Modzitz chassidic sect [2] and Cantor David Werdyger's Gerrer recordings.
However, even during the 20th century some Jewish composers often quoted Jewish music within non-Jewish contexts; for example, Gershwin used liturgical melodies and Hebrew songs for a few numbers in Porgy and Bess, and many also believe that the opening clarinet glissando in his Rhapsody in Blue is a reference to klezmer.