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Rose bengal solid and solution in water. Rose bengal (4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-2',4',5',7'-tetraiodofluorescein) is a stain. Rose bengal belongs to the class of organic compounds called xanthenes. [1] Its sodium salt is commonly used in eye drops to stain damaged conjunctival and corneal cells and thereby identify damage to the eye.
Pictured from top to bottom, (A) benzophenone, (B) methylene blue, and (C) rose Bengal are all organic photosensitizers. All metals involved are purely counterions to keep the material in the solid state as a salt. Organometallic photosensitizers contain a metal atom chelated to at least one organic ligand. The photosensitizing capacities of ...
Illustrative scheme of photodynamic reactions. The photosensitizer absorbs light and is promoted from its ground singlet state (1 PS) to an excited singlet state (1 PS*). Alternatively, the photosensitizer can convert to an excited triplet state (3 PS*) by intersystem crossing. This is a longer-living state that allow sufficient time for ...
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Similar photoredox generation of iminium ions has furthermore been achieved using purely organic photoredox catalysts, such as Rose Bengal and Eosin Y. [16] [17] [18] Two organic dyes used in photoredox catalysis. An asymmetric variant of this reaction utilizes acyl nucleophile equivalents generated by N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis. [19]
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Rose bengal and other singlet oxygen generating phototoxins are also used in synthetic organic chemistry. They have also found use in photodynamic therapy , where the toxin is activated by intense light to destroy cancer cells.
Irradiation of oxygen gas in the presence of an organic dye as a sensitizer, such as rose bengal, methylene blue, or porphyrins—a photochemical method—results in its production. [ 19 ] [ 9 ] Large steady state concentrations of singlet oxygen are reported from the reaction of triplet excited state pyruvic acid with dissolved oxygen in water ...