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The Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA) is an independent tribunal which adjudicates labour disputes in South Africa. It was established in November 1996 in terms of Section 112 of the Labour Relations Act, 1995 , which in turn implements the labour rights provided for in section 23 of the Constitution of South Africa .
In case the consensus is not reached within this timeframe, and if the parties have previously consented to arbitration, an ad hoc arbitral tribunal can be established, whose decision holds legal weight over the Parties. Additionally, arbitration proceedings can be commenced through mutual agreement among the concerned States parties. [3] [5]
It is often viewed as a complement to the Labour Court's 2008 decision in Discovery Health Limited v CCMA on the application of labour law to employees lacking valid work permits – those "who perform work illegally", in contrast to Kylie and other "employees performing illegal work". [2] [3] [6]
A request for arbitration is the last step of dispute resolution on Wikipedia. The Arbitration Committee considers requests to open new cases and review previous decisions. The entire process is governed by the arbitration policy. For information about requesting arbitration, and how cases are accepted and dealt with, please see guide to ...
Currently, most arbitration providers allow parties to carry out online only part of the arbitration process, e.g. parties may download claim forms, the submission of documents through standard email or secure web interface, the use of telephone hearings, etc. [32] A key element of arbitration is the right for a party to question the witnesses ...
The ICSID Convention and ICSID Arbitration Rules are the most commonly-used arbitration rules for the settlement of investment disputes. The Algiers Declaration of 1981 established the Iran-US Claims Tribunal to adjudicate claims of American corporations and individuals in relation to expropriated property during the Islamic revolution in Iran ...
Three institutions have also been created to further the goals of reducing industrial relations conflict, eliminating unfair discrimination and redressing past discrimination in the workplace: the National Economic Development and Labour Council (NEDLAC), the Labour Court and the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA). [9]
The act provided frameworks for resolving international disputes by means of either establishing a conciliation commission (articles 1–16), establishing an arbitration tribunal (art. 21–28), or deferring failed disputes to the Permanent Court of International Justice (art. 17–20), thus combining three different 'model convention' proposals from the League's Commission of Arbitration and ...