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The king of Mercia requested help from the king of Wessex to help fight the Vikings. A combined army from Wessex and Mercia besieged the city of Nottingham with no clear result, so the Mercians settled on paying the Vikings off. The Vikings returned to Northumbria in autumn 868 and overwintered in York, staying there for most of 869.
The Vikings were further reinforced with 240 ships, that were provided by the Danes of East Anglia and Northumbria who had settled there after the wars of the 860s and 870s. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle says that they did it "contrary to [their] pledges". [f] [16] [15] At some point Alfred's army captured Hastein's family. [16]
The kingdom was reoccupied by the Vikings on several occasions until 954, from when it was subjected to the rule of Wessex. [14] No future attempt was made to re-establish the Kingdom of Northumbria. [15] Before the area was integrated into Wessex, the surviving Anglo-Saxon lords ruled Northumberland north of the river Tees from Bamburgh. [13]
After successful raids by Danish Vikings, significant parts of northeastern England, formerly Northumbria, were under their control.Danish attacks into central England had been resisted and effectively reduced by Alfred the Great, to the point where his son, King Edward of Wessex, could launch offensive attacks against the foreigners.
Viking kings ruled Jórvík (southern Northumbria, the former Deira) from its capital York for most of the period between 867 and 954. Northern Northumbria (the former Bernicia) was ruled by Anglo-Saxons from their base in Bamburgh. Many details are uncertain as the history of Northumbria in the ninth and tenth centuries is poorly recorded.
The first Viking raid on Anglo-Saxon England is thought to have occurred between 786 and 802 at Portland in the Kingdom of Wessex, when three Norse ships arrived; their men killed King Beorhtric's reeve. [4] At the other end of the country, in the Kingdom of Northumbria, the island of Lindisfarne was raided in 793. [4]
The Viking invasions of the ninth century and the establishment of the Danelaw once again divided Northumbria. Although primarily recorded in the southern provinces of England , the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles (particularly the D and E recensions) provide some information on Northumbria's conflicts with Vikings in the late eighth and early ninth ...
This addition probably reflects the growing influence of Wessex under Ecgbert, whose family claimed descent from a brother of Ine. [8] This Anglian king-list seems to have been a source for the West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List , an early version of which was itself a source for the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle but which took its surviving form ...