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Kinetic energy in special relativity and Newtonian mechanics. Relativistic kinetic energy increases to infinity when approaching the speed of light, thus no massive body can reach this speed. Tests of relativistic energy and momentum are aimed at measuring the relativistic expressions for energy, momentum, and mass.
Compton effect / conservation of energy: 1925 Michelson–Gale–Pearson experiment: Albert A. Michelson and Henry G. Gale: Measurement Earth's rotation: 1929 Rüchardt experiment: Eduard Rüchardt: Measurement Heat capacity ratio: 1932 Kennedy–Thorndike experiment: Roy J. Kennedy and Edward M. Thorndike Confirmation Inertial frame invariance ...
As it is in motion in S′, we have γ>1 and its contracted length L′ is measured. Decay time of muons : The time dilation formula is T = γ T 0 {\displaystyle T=\gamma \ T_{0}} , where T 0 is the proper time of a clock comoving with the muon, corresponding with the mean decay time of the muon in its proper frame .
In all inertial frames the measured speed of light is equal in all directions , independent of the speed of the source, and cannot be reached by massive bodies. The rate of a clock C (= any periodic process) traveling between two synchronized clocks A and B at rest in an inertial frame is retarded with respect to the two clocks.
Domains of major fields of physics. Branches of physics include classical mechanics; thermodynamics and statistical mechanics; electromagnetism and photonics; relativity; quantum mechanics, atomic physics, and molecular physics; optics and acoustics; condensed matter physics; high-energy particle physics and nuclear physics; cosmology; and interdisciplinary fields.
In physics, the energy–momentum relation, or relativistic dispersion relation, is the relativistic equation relating total energy (which is also called relativistic energy) to invariant mass (which is also called rest mass) and momentum. It is the extension of mass–energy equivalence for bodies or systems with non-zero momentum.
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Precision tests of QED have been performed in low-energy atomic physics experiments, high-energy collider experiments, and condensed matter systems. The value of α is obtained in each of these experiments by fitting an experimental measurement to a theoretical expression (including higher-order radiative corrections) that includes α as a parameter.