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İstiklal Avenue (Turkish: İstiklal Caddesi, lit. 'Independence Avenue') is a 1.4 kilometre (0.87 mi) pedestrian street in the historic Beyoğlu (Pera) district in Istanbul , Turkey . It is one of the most famous avenues in the city.
Çiçek Pasajı (Turkish: Flower Passage), originally called the Cité de Péra, is a famous historic passage (galleria or arcade) on İstiklal Avenue in the Beyoğlu district of Istanbul, Turkey. A covered arcade with rows of historic cafes, winehouses and restaurants, it connects İstiklal Avenue with Sahne Street and has a side entrance ...
The line runs between Taksim and Tunel via İstiklal Caddesi (Independence Avenue). This road was formerly used by tram, bus & car. After the original tram line closed in 1962, the street was still used by buses and cars until 1990, when the area was recognized as a heritage area because of the many historic buildings and shops. The municipal ...
Beyoğlu continued to be named Pera during the Middle Ages and, in western languages, into the early 20th century. According to the prevailing theory, the Turkish name of Pera, Beyoğlu, meaning "Bey's Son" in Turkish, is a modification by folk etymology of the Venetian title of Bailo.
Istihlal (Arabic: استحلال istiḥlāl) is a term used in Islamic jurisprudence, or fiqh, to refer to the act of regarding some action as permissible, or halaal, although it is haraam; the implication is that such a regard is an erroneous and improper distortion of Islamic law.
Galatasaray Square is located at approximately the center of İstiklal Avenue and is home to the oldest secondary school in Turkey: the Galatasaray High School (Galatasaray Lisesi), originally known as the Galata Sarayı Enderun-u Hümayunu (Galata Palace Imperial School).
In 1667 Justinus Colyer was the Dutch representative in Istanbul. He bought a piece of land off the Grand Rue de Pera (now İstiklal Avenue), and there built a wooden palace. In order to protect important documents and furniture from fire, he ordered in 1711 a stone building to be built.
He left the embassy kitchen, and established the bakery, located at Grand rue de Péra (today İstiklal Avenue), [2] on the corner of "Passage Oriental" in Pera (today Beyoğlu district of Istanbul). [3] Pera was then a district populated mostly by Levantines and non-Muslims. [2]