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Isoniazid has a boxed warning for severe and sometimes fatal hepatitis, which is age-dependent at a rate of 0.3% in people 21 to 35 years old and over 2% in those over age 50. [ 25 ] [ 37 ] Symptoms suggestive of liver toxicity include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dark urine, right upper quadrant pain, and loss of appetite. [ 25 ]
The main result was a relative risk (RR) of 0.40 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.31 to 0.52) for development of active tuberculosis over two years or longer for patients treated with INH, with no significant difference between treatment courses of six or 12 months (RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.73 for six months, and 0.38, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.50 for ...
Side effects are those of the underlying medications. [1] More common side effects include poor coordination, numbness, and liver problems. [2] Liver problems may be severe and are more likely in people over the age of 50. [2] Use is not recommended in children. [1] It is unclear if use in pregnancy is safe for the baby. [2]
It combines isoniazid, pyridoxine, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim. [1] Specifically it is used to prevent tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, pneumonia, malaria, and isosporiasis. [2] It is taken by mouth. [1] Side effects may include trouble concentrating, numbness, vomiting, and rash. [2] Serious side effects may include liver problems. [2]
It is a fixed dose combination of rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide. [1] It is used either by itself or along with other antituberculosis medication. [1] It is taken by mouth. [1] Side effects are those of the underlying medications. [1] These may include poor coordination, loss of appetite, nausea, joint pain, feeling tired, and numbness ...
If the strain has only low-level INH-resistance (resistance at 0.2 mg/L INH, but sensitive at 1.0 mg/L INH), then high dose INH can be used as part of the regimen. When counting drugs, PZA and interferon count as zero; that is to say, when adding PZA to a four-drug regimen, another drug must be chosen to make five.
It is a fixed dose combination of ethambutol, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and rifampicin. [1] It is used either alone or with other antituberculosis medication. [1] It is taken by mouth. [1] Side effects are those of the underlying medications. [1] Pyridoxine may be used to decrease the risk of numbness. [2]
Gastrointestinal side-effects (nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea) are common; the delayed-release formulation is meant to help overcome this problem. [15] It is also a cause of drug-induced hepatitis . Patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency should avoid taking aminosalicylic acid as it causes haemolysis . [ 16 ]