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The members of the pine family (pines, spruces, firs, cedars, larches, etc.) have cones that are imbricate (that is, with scales overlapping each other like fish scales).). These cones, especially the woody female cones, are considered the "archetypal" tree cones.The female cone has two types of scale: the bract scales, and the seed scales (or ovuliferous scales), one subtended by each bract ...
The cones are 10–18 cm (4–7 in) long and 9–11 cm (3 + 1 ⁄ 2 – 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) wide when open, with wrinkled, reflexed apophyses and an umbo curved inward at the base. The seeds ( pine nuts ) are 17–23 millimetres ( 5 ⁄ 8 – 7 ⁄ 8 in) long and 5–7 mm ( 3 ⁄ 16 – 1 ⁄ 4 in) broad, with a thin shell and a rudimentary wing.
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Pollination occurs early the following spring, with the male cones 3–8 cm (1 + 1 ⁄ 4 – 3 + 1 ⁄ 4 in) long. The female (seed) cones mature in about 20 months from pollination; when mature, they are yellow-brown in color, 15–25 cm (6– 9 + 3 ⁄ 4 in) long, and 5–7 cm (2– 2 + 3 ⁄ 4 in) broad, opening to 12 cm ( 4 + 3 ⁄ 4 in ...
The cones open to 10–15 cm (4–6 in) broad when mature. The seeds are 2–3 cm ( 3 ⁄ 4 – 1 + 1 ⁄ 4 in) long, with a thick shell, with a vestigial 1–2 mm (0.04–0.08 in) wing; the seedlings have 18–24 cotyledons , the highest number reported for any plant.
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Immature seed cone. The pollen cone is approximately 1 cm in length and may be blueish to red colored. [5] Trees mature enough to produce seed cones are generally about 1.5 meters in height and 20 years of age. [9] Seed cones are dark purple when immature and turn brown as they ripen. At full size they are 6–11 centimeters in length. [4]
The name Pinus coulteri comes from Latin for pine, and coulteri comes from its discoverer Thomas Coulter (1793–1843), an Irish botanist and physician. [9] Pinus coulteri was discovered by Dr. Coulter on the mountains of Santa Lucia, near the Mission of San Antonio, in latitude 36°, within sight of the sea and at an elevation of from 3000 to 4000 feet above its level.