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Reflective practice is the ability to reflect on one's actions so as to take a critical stance or attitude towards one's own practice and that of one's peers, engaging in a process of continuous adaptation and learning.
Many models of communication include the idea that a sender encodes a message and uses a channel to transmit it to a receiver. Noise may distort the message along the way. The receiver then decodes the message and gives some form of feedback. [1] Models of communication simplify or represent the process of communication.
Reflective listening takes practice. [2] Reflective listening is one of the skills of motivational interviewing, a style of communication that works collaboratively to encourage change. [3] Failure to understand the needs of the person speaking can result in errors in work, such as problems being unresolved, or decisions not being quickly made. [4]
A model of communication is a simplified presentation that aims to give a basic explanation of the process by highlighting its most fundamental characteristics and components. [16] [8] [17] For example, James Watson and Anne Hill see Lasswell's model as a mere questioning device and not as a full model of communication. [10]
The four-sides model (also known as communication square or four-ears model) is a communication model postulated in 1981 by German psychologist Friedemann Schulz von Thun. According to this model every message has four facets though not the same emphasis might be put on each.
The model of communication as constitutive of organizations has origins in the linguistic approach to organizational communication taken in the 1980s. [4] Theorists such as Karl E. Weick [5] were among the first to posit that organizations were not static but inherently comprised by a dynamic process of communicating.
Roman Jakobson defined six functions of language (or communication functions), according to which an effective act of verbal communication can be described. [2] Each of the functions has an associated factor. For this work, Jakobson was influenced by Karl Bühler's organon model, to which he added the poetic, phatic and metalingual functions.
Schramm's model of communication was published by Wilbur Schramm in 1954. It is one of the earliest interaction models of communication. [1] [2] [3] It was conceived as a response to and an improvement over earlier attempts in the form of linear transmission models, like the Shannon–Weaver model and Lasswell's model.