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Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis in various stages. Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a disease that affects the central nervous system of horses. It is caused by a protozoal infection that is brought about by the apicomplexan parasites Sarcocystis neurona or Neospora hughesi. Most cases are caused by S. neurona.
Neospora hughesi is an obligate protozoan apicomplexan parasite that causes myelitis and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) in horses, and has only been documented in North America. [1] EPM is a neurological disease from lesions in the spinal cord, brain stem, or brain from parasites such as N. hughesi or Sarcocystis neurona. [2]
The protozoan Sarcocystis neurona is a protozoan of single celled character and belongs to the family Sarcocystidae, in a group called coccidia. [1] The protozoan, S. neurona , is a member of the genus Sarcocystis , and is most commonly associated with equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). [ 2 ]
Equine exertional rhabdomyolysis; Equine gastric ulcer syndrome; Equid alphaherpesvirus 1; Equid alphaherpesvirus 3; Equine infectious anemia; Equine influenza; Equine melanoma; Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis; Equine polysaccharide storage myopathy; Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis; Equine proximal enteritis; Equine recurrent uveitis ...
Covering sickness, or dourine (French, from the Arabic darina, meaning mangy (said of a female camel), feminine of darin, meaning dirty), [1] is a disease of horses and other members of the family Equidae. The disease is caused by Trypanosoma equiperdum, which belongs to an important genus of parasitic protozoa. [2]
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Infectious causes affecting the nervous system may be bacterial, viral, protozoal, or rickettsial. Those that commonly alter gait include tetanus, botulism, Lyme disease, equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM), rabies, West Nile virus, equine encephalitis virus, and equine herpesvirus 1.
Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease affecting ruminants, dogs, and horses, [1] and is caused by Anaplasma bacteria. Anaplasmosis is an infectious but not contagious disease. Anaplasmosis can be transmitted through mechanical and biological vector processe