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Gallbladder hepatization, which is biliary sludge filling the entire gallbladder, giving it an echogenicity similar to the liver (seen at left). The patient had a stone in the cystic duct. Biliary sludge is typically diagnosed by CT scan or transabdominal ultrasonography. [1] [2] Endoscopic ultrasonography is another more sensitive option.
MRCP makes use of heavily T2-weighted MRI pulse sequences. [3] [7] These sequences show high signal in static or slow moving fluids within the gallbladder, biliary ducts and pancreatic duct, with low signal of surrounding tissue. Secretin is also given to a patient to increase ductal compliance, making imaging easier. [3]
However, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers diagnostic capabilities similar to those of CT, with additional intrinsic advantages including lack of ionizing radiation and exquisite soft tissue characterization. [12] In specific cases, other specialized or ancillary endoscopes may be used for ERCP.
Imaging by ultrasonography, MRCP, or CT scan usually make the diagnosis. [3] MRCP can be used to define the lesion anatomically prior to surgery. [ citation needed ] Occasionally Mirizzi's syndrome is diagnosed or confirmed on ERCP when requested to alleviate obstructive jaundice or cholangitis by means of an endoscopically placed stent, or ...
It shows a gallbladder wall that is almost pathologically thickened, at 3 mm. However, there is no apparent edema in the pericholecystic fat. The gallbladder contains biliary sludge, as well as gallstones, which create acoustic shadowing. There is thus gallstones without current cholecystitis.
Biliary colic, also known as symptomatic cholelithiasis, a gallbladder attack or gallstone attack, is when a colic (sudden pain) occurs due to a gallstone temporarily blocking the cystic duct. [1] Typically, the pain is in the right upper part of the abdomen , and can be severe. [ 2 ]
Pneumobilia is the presence of gas in the biliary system.It is typically detected by ultrasound or a radiographic imaging exam, such as CT, or MRI.It is a common finding in patients that have recently undergone biliary surgery or endoscopic biliary procedure.
Cholecystitis causes the gallbladder to become distended and firm. Distension can lead to decreased blood flow to the gallbladder, causing tissue death and eventually gangrene. [13] Once tissue has died, the gallbladder is at greatly increased risk of rupture (perforation), which can cause sharp pain.