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CA-125 was initially detected using the murine monoclonal antibody designated OC125. Robert Bast, Robert Knapp and their research team first isolated this monoclonal antibody in 1981. [28] The protein was named "cancer antigen 125" because OC125 was the 125th antibody produced against the ovarian cancer cell line that was being studied. [29]
Mainly pancreatic cancer, but also colorectal cancer and other types of gastrointestinal cancer. [12] CA-125: Mainly ovarian cancer, [13] but may also be elevated in for example endometrial cancer, fallopian tube cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer and gastrointestinal cancer. [14] Calcitonin: medullary thyroid carcinoma [15] Calretinin
Tumor antigen is an antigenic substance produced in tumor cells, i.e., it triggers an immune response in the host. Tumor antigens are useful tumor markers in identifying tumor cells with diagnostic tests and are potential candidates for use in cancer therapy .
CA-125 levels are not accurate in early stage ovarian cancer, as half of stage I ovarian cancer patients have a normal CA-125 level. [ 31 ] [ 29 ] CA-125 may also be elevated in benign (non-cancerous) conditions, including endometriosis , pregnancy , uterine fibroids , menstruation , ovarian cysts , systemic lupus erythematosus , liver disease ...
CA19-9 can be elevated in many types of gastrointestinal cancer, such as colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. [1] Apart from cancer, elevated levels may occur in pancreatitis, cirrhosis, [1] and diseases of the bile ducts. [1] [3] It can also be elevated in people with obstruction of the bile ducts. [3]
Reference ranges (reference intervals) for blood tests are sets of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results from blood samples. Reference ranges for blood tests are studied within the field of clinical chemistry (also known as "clinical biochemistry", "chemical pathology" or "pure blood chemistry"), the ...
The standard definition of a reference range for a particular measurement is defined as the interval between which 95% of values of a reference population fall into, in such a way that 2.5% of the time a value will be less than the lower limit of this interval, and 2.5% of the time it will be larger than the upper limit of this interval, whatever the distribution of these values.
A study was conducted where CA 242 serum levels were acquired from 34, 680 patients with 27 clinically defined diseases. The data acquired shows that patients with pancreatic cancer, cervical cancer and lymphoma had the highest levels of the CA 242 serum, which was followed by esophageal, colon and ovarian cancer. CA 242 can be shown to detect ...