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The control unit (CU) is a component of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that directs the operation of the processor. A CU typically uses a binary decoder to convert coded instructions into timing and control signals that direct the operation of the other units (memory, arithmetic logic unit and input and output devices, etc.).
The IBM System/360 was a series of compatible computers introduced in 1964, many of which were microprogrammed. [2] The System/360 Model 40 is a good example of a microprogrammed machine with complex microsequencing. [3] The microstore consists of 4,096 56-bit microinstructions that operate in a horizontal microprogramming style.
The I-unit is hardware controlled. The E-unit is microprogrammed; the control words are 108 bits wide on a basic 360/85 and wider if an emulator feature is installed. The NCR 315 is microprogrammed with hand wired ferrite cores (a ROM) pulsed by a sequencer with conditional execution. Wires routed through the cores are enabled for various data ...
In the control logic, the combination of cycle counter, cycle state (high or low) and the bits of the instruction decode register determine exactly what each part of the computer should be doing. To design the control logic, one can create a table of bits describing the control signals to each part of the computer in each cycle of each instruction.
The ALU (or arithmetic logic unit) has the following input, output and control lines: 2 32-bit input lines: one for the B bus and one for the bus that is connected directly to the H register. 1 32-bit output line, which is connected directly to the shifter. 6 control lines aimed to select which operation to perform.
A control store is the part of a CPU's control unit that stores the CPU's microprogram.It is usually accessed by a microsequencer.A control store implementation whose contents are unalterable is known as a Read Only Memory (ROM) or Read Only Storage (ROS); one whose contents are alterable is known as a Writable Control Store (WCS).
A microcontroller (MC, UC, or μC) or microcontroller unit (MCU) is a small computer on a single integrated circuit. A microcontroller contains one or more CPUs ( processor cores ) along with memory and programmable input/output peripherals.
A high-level illustration showing the decomposition of machine instructions into micro-operations, performed during typical fetch-decode-execute cycles [1]: 11 . In computer central processing units, micro-operations (also known as micro-ops or μops, historically also as micro-actions [2]) are detailed low-level instructions used in some designs to implement complex machine instructions ...