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In cellular metabolism, NAD is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another, so it is found in two forms: NAD + is an oxidizing agent, accepting electrons from other molecules and becoming reduced; with H +, this reaction forms NADH, which can be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron ...
In these reactions, NADP + acts like NAD + in other enzymes as an oxidizing agent. [7] The isocitrate dehydrogenase mechanism appears to be the major source of NADPH in fat and possibly also liver cells. [8] These processes are also found in bacteria. Bacteria can also use a NADP-dependent glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase for the same ...
The light-harvesting system of PSI uses multiple copies of the same transmembrane proteins used by PSII. The energy of absorbed light (in the form of delocalized, high-energy electrons) is funneled into the reaction center, where it excites special chlorophyll molecules (P700, with maximum light absorption at 700 nm) to a higher energy level.
The energy from the redox reaction results in conformational change allowing hydrogen ions to pass through four transmembrane helix channels. Respiratory complex I , EC 7.1.1.2 (also known as NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase , Type I NADH dehydrogenase and mitochondrial complex I ) is the first large protein complex of the respiratory chains of ...
The electrons from the initial light reaction reach Photosystem I, then are raised to a higher energy level by light energy and then received by an electron acceptor and reduce NADP + to NADPH. The electrons lost from Photosystem II get replaced by the oxidation of water, which is "split" into protons and oxygen by the oxygen-evolving complex ...
Reaction catalyzed by an oxidase, note the reduction of oxygen as the electron acceptor. Dehydrogenase and oxidase are easily distinguishable if one considers the electron acceptor. An oxidase will remove electrons from a substrate as well, but only uses oxygen as its electron acceptor. One such reaction is: AH 2 + O 2 ↔ A + H 2 O 2.
Ferredoxin: NADP + reductase is the last enzyme in the transfer of electrons during photosynthesis from photosystem I to NADPH. [2] The NADPH is then used as a reducing equivalent in the reactions of the Calvin cycle. [2] Electron cycling from ferredoxin to NADPH only occurs in the light in part because FNR activity is inhibited in the dark. [11]
P. Mathis (Ed.), Photosynthesis: From Light to Biosphere, vol. 1, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995, p. 959-962. Valverde F, Losada M, Serrano A (1997). "Functional complementation of an Escherichia coli gap mutant supports an amphibolic role for NAD(P)-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803". J.