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Thus pressed, Lincoln staked a large part of his 1864 presidential campaign on a constitutional amendment to abolish slavery throughout the United States. Lincoln's campaign was bolstered by votes in both Maryland and Missouri to abolish slavery in those states. Maryland's new constitution abolishing slavery took effect on November 1, 1864. [135]
Lincoln then sent various government officials to Missouri to build a case for Frémont's removal founded on Frémont's alleged incompetence rather than his abolitionist views. [5] On these grounds, Lincoln sent an order on October 22, 1861, removing Frémont from command of the Department of the West. [ 6 ]
But in 1860, he was attacked as not abolitionist enough: Wendell Phillips charged that, if elected, Lincoln would waste four years trying to decide whether to end slavery in the District of Columbia. [4] Many abolitionists emphasized the sinfulness of slave owners, but Lincoln did not. [5] Lincoln tended not to be judgmental.
(Lincoln, who had received 10.3% of the Missouri vote in the 1860 election, received 70% in the 1864 election.) In 1861, General John C. Frémont had issued an emancipation decree for Missouri. Lincoln rescinded it as a dangerous measure that would alienate unionists in Missouri and Kentucky. In 1862, the convention tried unsuccessfully to ...
Lincoln also was behind national legislation towards the same end, but the Southern states, which regarded themselves as having seceded from the Union, ignored the proposals. [2] [3] In 1863, state legislation towards compensated emancipation in Maryland failed to pass, as did an attempt to include it in a newly written Missouri constitution.
The border states of Maryland (November 1864) [11] and Missouri (January 1865), [12] and the Union-occupied Confederate state, Tennessee (January 1865), [13] all abolished slavery prior to the end of the Civil War, as did the new state of West Virginia (February 1865), [14] which had separated from Virginia in 1863 over the issue of slavery.
June 19, 1865: Gen. Gordon Granger delivers General Order No. 3 in Galveston, Texas, informing the people of Texas that all enslaved people are free, even though they have been free since 1863 ...
The federal district, which is legally part of no state and under the sole jurisdiction of the U.S. Congress, permitted slavery until the American Civil War. For the history of the abolition of the slave trade in the district and the federal government's one and only compensated emancipation program, see slavery in the District of Columbia.