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Coca leaves have been used by Andean civilizations since ancient times. [30] In ancient Wari culture, [33] Inca culture, and through modern successor indigenous cultures of the Andes mountains, coca leaves are chewed, taken orally in the form of a tea, or alternatively, prepared in a sachet wrapped around alkaline burnt ashes, and held in the mouth against the inner cheek; it has traditionally ...
Cocaine is the primary illegal drug smuggled through maritime routes because all of its cultivation and production is settled in the Andean region of South America. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The smuggling of drugs through the sea is a security problem for all the countries of the region.
The illegal drug trade in Latin America concerns primarily the production and sale of cocaine and cannabis, including the export of these banned substances to the United States and Europe. The coca cultivation is concentrated in the Andes of South America, particularly in Colombia, Peru and Bolivia; this is the world's only source region for ...
In 1996, the Medellín and Cali cartels were estimated to control 75–80% of the Andean region's cocaine traffic, and a similar percentage of the U.S. cocaine market, earning $6–8 billion a year. [ 11 ] [ 16 ] U.S. law enforcement officials in the 1990s estimated that Colombian drug cartels spent more than $500 million on bribing officials ...
A Canadian man who was allegedly caught with more than 370 pounds of cocaine has been charged with delivery of a controlled substance, 1,000 grams or more.
Coca production begins in the valleys and upper jungle regions of the Andean region, where the countries of Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia [21] [22] are host to more than 98 percent of the global land area planted with coca. [23] In the early 19th century, coca was cultivated in what is today the Dominican Republic (see Mayorasgo de Koka).
The Andean Trade Promotion and Drug Eradication Act has fostered rapid growth in trade between the United States and the four Andean nations; U.S. exports to the region rose from $6.46 billion in 2002 to $11.64 billion in 2006, while imports grew from $9.61 billion to $22.51 billion in the same period. [12]
Coca eradication in Colombia. Coca eradication is a strategy promoted by the United States government starting in 1961 as part of its "war on drugs" to eliminate the cultivation of coca, a plant whose leaves are not only traditionally used by indigenous cultures but also, in modern society, in the manufacture of cocaine.